.JrDGING L.1 VE STOCK. 1W 



and free from wool; the belly full of wool; the wool close and 

 hard to the feel, curdled to the eye, and free from projecting 

 or strong fibers. Those flocks not bred with particular care 

 and attention are apt to be coarse-wooled in the back, but 

 some are fine all over; weigh fat from 12 pounds to 15 pounds 

 a quarter." 



Mr. Ellman, of Glynde, Sussex, took hold of the South- 

 down along the latter part of the eighteenth century. He 

 fixed in his mind an ideal form and fashioned his flock after 

 his model. He may be said to occupy the same place in re- 

 gard to the Southdown as that held by Bakewell in the de- 

 velopment of the Leicester. He saw in his Southdowns a good 

 strong constitution. Without constitution the breeder can do 

 nothing. They were vigorous, active sheep with good leg 

 of mutton development. How successful was Mr. Ellman in 

 his enterprise may be judged from his own description of the 

 Southdown sheep as quoted by Yonatti: "The head small 

 and hornless; the face speckled or grey, and neither too long 

 nor too short; the lips thin, and the space between the nose 

 and the eyes narrow; the under jaw or chap fine and thin; 

 the ears are tolerably wide and well covered with wool, and 

 the forehead also, and the whole space between the ears well 

 protected by it as a defense against the fly; the eye full and 

 bright, but not prominent; the neck of medium length, thin 

 towards the head, but enlarging towards the shoulders, where 

 it should be broad and high, and straight in its whole course 

 above and below. The breast should be wide, deep, and pro- 

 jecting forwards between the forelegs, indicating a good con- 

 stitution, and a disposition to thrive. Corresponding with 

 this the shoulders should be level with the back, and not too 

 wide above; they should bow outward from the top to the 

 breast, indicating a springing rib beneath, and leaving room 

 for it, the ribs coming out horizontally from the spine, and 

 extending far backward, and the last rib proejcting more 

 than the others; the back flat from the shoulders to the set- 

 ting on of the tail; the loin broad and flat; the rump long 

 and broad, and the tail set on high, and nearly on a level 

 with the spine. The hips wide, and the space between them 

 and the last rib on either side as narrow as possible, and 

 the ribs, generally speaking, presenting a circular form like 

 a barrel. The belly as straight as the back; the legs neither 

 too long nor too short. The fore legs straight from the breast 



