238 DIVERSIONS OF A NATURALIST 



served in spirit — in which condition the parts in question 

 had slipped out of their natural position. Owen's state- 

 ments were thus fully demonstrated to be contrary to 

 the fact, and Huxley declared, and conclusively showed, 

 that so far from being entitled, on anatomical grounds, 

 to a separate sub-class, man differs less from the higher 

 apes — the four animals known as the gorilla, the chim- 

 panzee, the orang-utan, and the gibbon — than does 

 any one of these differ from the lower monkeys. Huxley 

 came, therefore, to the conclusion that man could not 

 logically be dissociated from the apes and monkeys in 

 the way proposed by Owen, and that he should be placed 

 with them in one " order," to which the name " Primates " 

 (pronounced as three syllables, and having no reference 

 to the clergy of the Anglican Church) is applied. This 

 name was given by the great naturalist Linnaeus, one 

 hundred and fifty years ago, to the same group, in 

 which, however, he erroneously included also the bats. 



It was distinctly pointed out by Huxley, and has 

 been maintained by all those who have since occupied 

 themselves with the matter, that there are certain very 

 obvious differences between man and the highest ape, or 

 that which comes nearest to him in the largest number 

 of important features — the gorilla. The chimpanzee is 

 practically, for the purpose of such a comparison, very 

 nearly identical with the gorilla. Both are inhabitants of 

 tropical Africa, whilst the next nearest, the orang and 

 the gibbons, are inhabitants of tropical Asia. The differ- 

 ences separating man from these near kindred animals 

 are differences of the size and proportion of structures 

 present in them all, and are not due to the existence in 

 man of actual parts or structures which are present in 

 him and not present in these apes. Man has developed 

 from the ape, not by the production of any new organ 



