186 DOCTRINE OF EVOLUTION 



It is best to begin with our own division, because its 

 greater familiarity makes it easier to become acquainted 

 with the methods and results of anthropology, on the 

 basis of facts that we already know. Three subordi- 

 nate types exist, located primarily in northern, central, 

 and southern Europe respectively, but many other races 

 dwell elsewhere that are assignable to one or another 

 of these subdivisions. In northeastern Europe we 

 find people such as the Norwegians, Swedes, Danes, and 

 north Germans, that average five feet eight inches in 

 height. They have the long, wavy, and soft hair which 

 is a general characteristic of the whole Caucasian 

 group, although its hght flaxen color is distinctive. 

 The blue eye and florid complexion accompany the 

 light color of the hair. The skull is of the longer type, 

 the jaws and forehead are straight and square, the nose 

 is large and long without a distinct arch, and the teeth 

 are relatively small. It is not so well known that the 

 Scandinavian type is so closely copied by many people 

 of Asia, such as the western Persians, Afghans, and 

 certain of the Hindus, living in a continent that we are 

 inclined to assign to the Mongol only. In the posses- 

 sion of these characters the Northern Europeans and 

 other races specified display evidences of their common 

 ancestry and evolution quite as conclusively as in the 

 case of the cats discussed in an earlier chapter where 

 the meaning of essential likeness was first demonstrated. 



A broad zone may be drawn from Wales, across Eu- 

 rope and Asia, and even to the eastern islands of the 

 South Seas, in which we find peoples that are obviously 

 of Caucasian descent, but they differ from the members 

 of the first group in some details of structure. On the 



