188 DOCTRINE OF EVOLUTION 



find relatives of the Mediterranean man in the Dravidas 

 and Todas of India, possibly in the degenerate Veddahs 

 of Ceylon, and finally in the Ainus or " hairy men " 

 of some of the Japanese islands. The last-named 

 people certainly possess some Mongolian features, 

 but these seem to have been added to a more funda- 

 mental form of body that is distinctly Caucasian. 



All of the races we have mentioned, together with 

 their relatives, may be compared to the leaves borne 

 upon three branches that take their origin from a single 

 limb of the widespread human part of the tree. They 

 cannot be classified in any mode on the basis of their 

 primary and secondary resemblances without employing 

 the treelike plan of arrangement, which to the man 

 of science is a sure indication of their evolutionary 

 relationships. 



The people of the second or Mongolian group agree in 

 certain well-marked characteristics in such a way as to 

 be well separated from the other divisions of mankind ; 

 these characteristics we may speak of as constituting 

 a second '* theme," of which the various peoples of the 

 group are so many variations. To visualize them we 

 need only to recall the appearance of the Chinaman, 

 perhaps the most familiar example of the entire series. 

 Here the hair is coarse and black, and straight because 

 of its round transverse section ; the mustache and 

 beard of the Caucasians are seldom found except in 

 later life ; the skin is a fleshy yellow in color ; the skull is 

 round, indeed, it is one of the roundest that we know ; 

 the jaws are not so straight as in the Caucasian, for 



