CAXIS TULPES. 93 



Vulpes nipalensis. Gray, Charleswortli's Magazine of Xat. Hist. vol. i. 



p. 578 (1838). 

 VuJpes flavescens, Gray, Aim. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xi. p. 118 (1843); 



Hutton, Joum. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xix. p. 344; Adams, 



Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 516; Elanford, Yarkaud Miss., 



^lammalia, p. 23, plate 2. 

 Vulpes fulvus, Fischer, Synopsis Mammalium, p. 190 (1829) ; De Kay, 



Nat. Hist, of New York, p. 41, plate 7. fig. 1 (1812); 



Audubon and Baehman, Quadrupeds of N. Amer. vol. ii. 



p. 203, pi. 87, and vol. iii. p. 70, pi. 116 ; Baird, Mammals 



of X. Amer. (Reports of Mississippi Railroad), p. 123, 



plate 31. 

 Vulpes japonica, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 517. 

 Vulpes hoole, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 631. 

 Vulpes Uneivi'itter, Swinlioc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 632. 

 Vulpes melanogasler, Bonaparte, Fauna Italiea, plate i. (1832) ; J. A. 



Wagner, Suppl. to Sclircber's Siiugth., Abth. ii. p. 409. 

 Vulpes macrurus, Baird, Stansb. Exploration Great Salt Lake, p. 309 



(1852) ; id. ]\Iammals of N. Amer. (Reports of Mississippi 



Railroad), p. 130, pi. 33. 

 Vulpes pennsyhunica, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 518; id. Catalogue 



of Carnivorous Mammalia, p. 205. 

 Vulpes Utah, Audubon and Bacbman, Quadrupeds of N. Amer. vol. iii. 



p. 255, i)late 151. 

 Henard, Buflbn, Hist. Nat. vol. vii. pp. 75 & 82, pi. 4; F. Cuvier, Hist. 



Nat. des Mammiferes, vol. ii., three plates. 



The great variability which we have abeady found to be a character of 

 the Wolf, will prevent the reader being surprised on reading that at 

 least an equal degree of variability is to be met with in the Fox. 



The Foxes, not only of Europe, but even of England itself, suffice to 

 show this, and also to put us on our guard against the too common 

 tendency which exists to regard vague and very inconstant differences of 

 pelage as sufficient evidence of a ditference of kind. Thus English 

 varieties have been distinguished as "Greyhound," "Mountain," "Bush," 

 or " Cur " Foxes upon such characters, together with some variations in 

 absolute size, and small differences in the proportions of different parts 

 of tlie body. But the total length of the head and body of adult 

 English Foxes may differ so much that if the length of one be repre- 



