20 



which a zoologist would consider of any importance as distinguishing him from the 

 apes. 



From their evident structural resemblance to man, the apes and monkeys are 

 rightly placed at the head of the Mammalian class. This must not, however, by 

 any means be taken to imply that all, or even any, of these animals are necessarily 

 higher than the members of all the others. Although the intellect of the Man-like 

 Apes may, and probably does, in some respects, exceed that of a dog ; yet, for its 

 own peculiar line of life, a dog is as fully and highly organized as an ape. Then, 

 again, the lower monkeys and all the lemurs are far inferior in intelligence to the 

 higher Carnivores, and indeed to the more highly- developed members of some of 

 the other groups ; but this is, of course, no bar to their being included in the order 

 which heads the list. 



With these remarks on the Man-like Apes in general, we proceed to the con- 

 sideration of the various genera and species which comprise the family. 



THE CHIMPANZEE 

 Genus Anthropopithecus 



Of all the large Man-like Apes, those which, on the whole, make the nearest 

 approach in bodily structure to man are the chimpanzees of Western and Central 

 Equatorial Africa, of which there appear to be two distinct species, one known as 

 A. niger the other as A. calvus. 



The chimpanzee has been long known in Europe. It has, indeed, been con- 

 sidered that the so-called "gorillas," met with by the Carthaginians of Hanno's 

 voyage round the Cape in B.C. 470, on the rocky coasts of Sherboro Island, off 

 Sierra I^eone, were chimpanzees. According, however, to Mr. Winwood Reade, 

 who traveled in Western Africa for the express purpose of obtaining authentic in- 

 formation about the chimpanzee and the gorilla, the creatures seen and captured by 

 Hanno's party were neither gorillas nor chimpanzees, but dog- faced baboons. Be 

 this as it may, that the chimpanzee was known in Europe as far back as 1598 is 

 proved by an account brought back from the Congo by a Portuguese sailor, named 

 Eduardo Lopez, and published at Frankfort by Pigafetta in his account of the 

 Congo district. In 1613 there appeared, in Purchas's Pilgrimages of the World, 

 the history of the wanderings of an English sailor, named Andrew Battel, in the 

 lower part of Guinea, in 1590, who appears to have heard of or seen, not only the 

 chimpanzee, which he designates the Enjocko (a corruption of N'djeko or 

 N'Schego), but likewise the gorilla, which he calls the pongo. 



Battel' s account may be quoted at length, as follows. He states : " There are 

 two kinds of monsters common to the woods of Angola ; the largest of them is called 

 Pongo in their language, and the other Enjocko. The pongo is in all its propor- 

 tions like a man (except the legs, which have no calves), but he is of gigantic 

 height. The face, hands, and ears of these animals are without hair ; their bodies 

 are covered, but not very thickly, with hair of a dunnish color. When they walk 



