THE CHIMPANZEE 25 



different from the true or common chimpanzee, and which he regarded as in all 

 probability identical with Du Chaillu's bald chimpanzee. 



Writing of this animal, Mr. Bartlett remarks that, while " the color of the face, 

 hands, and feet in the chimpanzee are white or pale flesh color, the same parts of 

 the animal under consideration are black or brownish-black. Another well-marked 

 difference is to be found in the hair upon the head and face. In the true chimpan- 

 zee the hair on the top of the head, and that passing down from the centre (where 

 it divides) to the sides of the face or cheeks, is tolerably long and full, forming what 

 may be considered rather bushy whiskers ; whereas the figure (given in the memoir), 

 clearly shows the front, top, and sides of the head and face to be nearly naked, hav- 

 iug only a few short hairs on the head, quite destitute of any signs of the parting so 

 very conspicuous in the chimpanzee. Another striking difference may be noticed in 

 the size and form of the head and ears. Out of the number of chimpanzees I have 

 seen and examined, both old and young, none have possessed the large flat ears so 

 conspicuous in this individual. The form of the head, the expression of the face, 

 the expanded nostrils, the thicker lips, especially the lower lip, together with the 

 more elevated skull, cannot fail to distinguish this animal from the chimpanzee. 

 . . . Again, the habits of this animal differ entirely from those of the well-known or 

 common chimpanzee. She has always shown a disposition to live upon animal food. 

 Soon after her arrival I found she would kill and eat small birds ; seizing them by 

 the neck, she would bite off the head and eat the bird, skin, feathers, and all ; for 

 some months she killed and ate a small pigeon every night. After a time we sup- 

 plied her with cooked mutton and beef tea ; upon this food she has done well. 

 I have never found any ordinary chimpanzee that would eat any kind of flesh. 



"Another singular habit was the producing pellets or 'quids,' resembling the 

 castings thrown up by raptorial birds. They are composed of feathers and other in- 

 digestible substances, that had been taken with her food. Moreover, she is an 

 expert rat-catcher, and has caught and killed many rats that had entered her cage 

 during the night. Her intelligence is far above that of the ordinary chimpanzee. 

 With but little trouble she can be taught to do many things that require the exer- 

 cise of considerable thought and understanding ; she recognizes those who have 

 made her acquaintance, and pays marked attention to men of color, by uttering a 

 loud cry of bun, bun, bun. She is never tired of romping and playing, and is gener- 

 ally in a good temper. ' ' 



We shall have something to say in regard to the mental faculties of this chim- 

 panzee later on, but we have now to consider, firstly, the geographical distribution 

 of chimpanzees, and then their mode of life and habits. 



As already mentioned, chimpanzees inhabit Western and Central 

 Distribution 



Equatorial Africa, where they range over a considerable area of coun- 

 try. On the west coast their range appears to be limited to the northward approxi- 

 mately by the river Gambia, while their southward range extends about to the 

 river Coanza, which flows into the ocean at the boundary between Angola and 

 Benguela. Their limits on either side of the Equator do not, therefore, exceed 

 some twelve degrees, the northern range in latitude being greater than the south- 

 ern. With regard to the extent of their range across the continent to the eastward, 



