4 8 



separated from one another by a narrow partition. The mobile lips are usually 

 comparatively smooth and thin, the upper one being characterized by its great 

 length and breadth. In the adult of the orang, as shown in our illustration, the 

 neck is surrounded by a kind of collar formed of folds of skin containing an 

 internal cavity communicating with the larynx or upper expansion of the windpipe. 

 In some very old males these pouches attain enormous dimensions, and by no 

 means add to the personal beauty of their owner. The ear is small and well- 

 formed, being much more human-like than that of the gorilla. Frequently the 

 sides of the cheeks of the males have a warty protuberance, or callosity. 



The body is by no means so powerfully built as that of the gorilla ; and the 

 sloping and stooping shoulders and extremely prominent abdomen make the whole 

 shape of the animal ungainly in the extreme. 



We have already alluded to the great length of the extremely powerful arms, 

 which vastly augment the animal's climbing powers. The hand (shown in Fig. 9 of 

 the illustration on p. 15) is even longer and more slender than that of the chimpan- 

 zee, and is characterized by the extreme shortness of the thumb, which scarcely 

 reaches as far as the root of the first joint of the index finger. The fingers them- 

 selves are connected by a web, which extends for a third, or nearly half, the length 

 of their first joints. With regard to the relative lengths of the fingers, there is some 

 amount of individual variation ; but the middle finger may exceed either of the 

 others, while the ring finger is longer than the index, and the little finger rela- 

 tively long. All the fingers are narrow and tapering, with well-formed arching 

 nails. 



The calves of the legs are less developed than in either the chimpanzee or 

 gorilla, and the narrow flat heels are less projecting. The long and slender feet 

 (shown in Fig. 10 of the illustration on p. 15) are likewise of a lower type of 

 structure, as is particularly shown in the very small size of the great toe, which 

 is peculiar among the Primates in frequently having no trace of a nail in the 

 adult. Curiously enough old animals often lose the last joint of the great 

 toe, apparently not through disease, but as a .normal condition. Both the hands 

 and feet on the backs, and the hands on their under surfaces, have wart-like 

 callosities. 



The general color of the orang' s skin is bluish-gray, although it may have a 

 more or less decided tinge of brown. In marked contrast to the general slaty hue 

 of the face, there often occur yellowish-brown rings round the eyes, nostrils, and 

 upper lip. The full reddish-brown hair is long, shaggy, and bristly, with a small 

 admixture of woolly under-hairs. The hair of the head may either have a natural 

 parting in the middle, as in our figure of the head and shoulders, or may be tossed 

 in wild confusion, in some individuals standing almost upright. Usually there is a 

 well- developed beard on the cheeks and neck. On the whole of the under surface 

 of the body the covering of hair is thin and scanty, and it is even less developed on 

 the face, ears, and the backs of the hands and feet. 



The tusks of the male are of enormous size. In the female they are, however, 

 much smaller ; and this sex is also characterized by the lesser development of the 

 folds and pouches of skin round the neck. 



