THE LANGURS 73 



years ago, the child of a European clergyman stationed near Jaffna, having been 

 left on the ground by the nurse, was so teased and bitten by them as to cause its 

 death." 



The Malabar langur (S. hypoleucus), which is common not only in the forests, 

 but likewise on the cultivated lands fringing the Malabar coast, is the last member 

 of the group in which the hair of the crown of the head radiates from a single 

 point on the forehead. 



,THE BANDED L,EAF-MONKEY (Semnopithecus femoralis) 



A rare langur from Sumatra, Borneo, and the Malay Peninsula, extending as 

 far north as Tenasserim, is the banded leaf-monkey, of whose habits little, un- 

 fortunately, is known. It differs from all those already mentioned in that the hair 

 of the crown of the head radiates from two distinct points on the forehead. The 

 hair on the hinder part of the head stands up so as to form a crest ; while that over 

 the temples bends forwards to overhang the eyes. In color this monkey is much 

 darker than any of the above species ; it varies from blackish-brown to black over 

 the greater part of the body, but is white over a larger portion of the under surface 

 of the body and inner sides of the thighs, the white area always including the 

 abdomen. The young are of a whitish hue throughout. 



A closely allied, if not identical, kind of langur from the same regions has 

 received the name of 6". chrysomelas, and differs merely by some details of coloration. 



It is a curious circumstance that the skulls of both these species or varieties of 

 langurs can be distinguished from those of all others by the form of the last molar, 

 or " wisdom-tooth," in the lower jaw. In all the pther langurs this tooth has five 

 tubercles ; in the banded leaf-monkey it has but four, as in the under-mentioned 

 group of guenons. 



THE NEGRO MONKEY (Semnopithecus maurus) 



Far better known than the last species is the negro monkey, or Budeng, as 

 it is called by the inhabitants of Java, of which we give an illustration. This 

 langur, which was originally obtained from Java, but, according to Dr. J. Ander- 

 son, is also found in Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, takes its English name 

 from the full black color prevailing over all the body in the adult, except a portion 

 of the under surface, and the root of the tail, where it is replaced by gray. It 

 agrees with the last in the forward projection of the hairs on the front of the crown 

 of the head, as is well shown in the figure. The length of the head and body of 

 this monkey is about 24 inches ; the tail being longer than the head and body, and 

 frequently furnished with a small tuft at the extremity. The young are light 

 colored, being of a yellowish or reddish tint; the dark color of the adult appearing 

 first on the hands, and then gradually spreading over the limbs and body. This 

 light color of the young shows that the dark tint of the adults is an acquired or 

 specialized characteristic. 



Nearly allied to this species is another and much rarer monkey, found in 

 Java, where it is called by the natives the lutong. It is known scientifically as 



