io6 



APES, MONKEYS, AND LEMURS 



Characteristics 



mangabeys form a transition to them from the guenons, and we may now 

 consider how the macaques and mangabeys are to be distinguished from one 

 another. 



In the first place, macaques are always of stouter build than the 

 mangabeys ; and they are further distinguished by the considerably 

 greater prolongation of the muzzle, and the larger size of the naked callosities on 



the buttocks. Some of 

 the macaques have their 

 tails as long as those of 

 the guenons and manga- 

 beys ; in others these ap- 

 pendages are very short, 

 while in a few they are 

 actually wanting, thus 

 showing that the presence 

 or absence of a tail is of 

 no import either as a 

 generic characteristic or 

 as indicative of a higher 

 or lower degree of or- 

 ganization. In common 

 with all the monkeys we 

 have hitherto considered, 

 the nostrils of the ma- 

 caques do not reach as 

 far forward as the ex- 

 tremity of the muzzle. 



From these charac- 

 teristics it will be appar- 

 ent that while the ma- 

 caques are sufficiently 

 distinguished from the 

 mangabeys to be entitled 

 to rank as a separate 

 genus, yet both groups 

 are closely allied. And, 



as we shall see that as in the opposite direction the macaques are intimately con- 

 nected through one singular intermediate form with the baboons of Africa, we have 

 evidence that an almost complete transition exists from the guenons through the 

 mangabeys to the macaques, and thus to the baboons. 



In speaking of the macaques as Asiatic monkeys, we must guard ourselves by 

 mentioning that one solitary outlying species is found is the mountains of North- 

 west Africa, and also on the opposite coast of Gibraltar. The greater majority of the 

 species are, however, confined to India, Burma, the Malay Peninsula, and the islands 

 of Borneo, Sumatra, etc. Some range as far east as China, while one is found 



THE BURMESE PIG-TAILED MONKEY. 



(From Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860.) 



