946 THE UNGULATES, OR HOOFED MAMMALS 



that country, Sir Samuel writes that " we never drove the jungles with beaters, but 

 simply strolled through the most promising country, either upon ponies or on foot, 

 and took our chances of any game that we might meet. I rarely met sambur in the 

 low country, and when living on the mountains at Newera Ellia, six thousand two 

 hundred feet above the sea, shooting was out of the question. Although the inter- 

 minable forests of that elevated district abounded with these animals, I have never 

 seen one, unless discovered by the hounds. The jungles are thick, and it is impos- 

 sible to get through them without noise and considerable exertion. The animals of 

 course are alarmed, and retreat before you are near enough to hear their rush. I 

 have often taken my rifle and sallied out before sunrise upon the wild patinas (open 

 ground), where nature rested in profound solitude, but I have never seen a sambur 

 in the open." 



The hunting was conducted with a mixed pack of about fourteen couples of 

 hounds of various breeds, which were found better suited to this kind of sport than 

 pure-bred foxhounds, and the pack was always directed to the neighborhood of a 

 stream, where the scent would be freshest, as the sambur drinks before retiring to 

 the densest depths of the jungle, in order to enjoy its day's repose. The speed of 

 the sambur is, according to Mr. Blanford, but very moderate, and on the rare occa- 

 sions when these deer are found in open country, any good horse which is not over- 

 weighted by its rider, ought to have no difficulty in running them down. 



In the islands of the Malayan region there occur several small sambur- 

 like deer, in regard to which it is difficult to determine whether 

 they indicate races of the ordinary sambur which have been introduced by the na- 

 tives, and have gradually dwindled in size, or whether they are entitled to rank as 

 distinct species. Such is the Timor deer (C. timorensis), a small, thick-set animal, 

 scarcely half the size of the smaller race of the true sambur, and also the Moluccan 

 deer ( C. moluccensis) , in which the general build is more slight and graceful. In 

 the Philippine and L,adrone islands, there occurs another of these small sambur-like 

 deer (C. philippinus}, belonging to the variety in which the anterior tines of the 

 antlers are shorter than the posterior. This form is scarcely larger than the under- 

 mentioned hog-deer, but its build is more slender, and the color a uniform dark 

 brown, save for a pale ring round each eye, and the white on the under parts of the 

 tail and the inner surface of the thighs. 



On the other hand, there can be no doubt as tp the specific distinctness of 

 KuhFs deer (C. kuhli), from the Bawian islands between Borneo and Java. This 

 deer, while resembling most of the forms noticed above, in that its fur has the same 

 uniform coloration throughout life, differs in having a skull resembling that of the 

 hog-deer, and displaying the same absence of tusks in the upper jaw. The color of 

 the fur in this deer is pale brown, but the individual hairs are ringed with alternate 

 tints, instead of having the uniform hue of those of the hog-deer. 



Very different from all the other members of this group is Prince Alfred's deer 

 ( C. alfredi) , from the Philippines, which resembles the chital in having at all ages 

 and all seasons a spotted coat. This deer stands about two and one-half feet at the 

 withers, and its color is a dark chocolate brown, with about six longitudinal rows of 

 somewhat indistinctly-marked yellowish spots. The antlers are comparatively short, 



