990 



THE UNGULATES, OR HOOFED MAMMALS 



spotted, while the flanks are marked with longitudinal white stripes, which are 

 larger and more continuous than those of the Indian chevrotain. 



As is the case with so many West- African animals, we have but scanty infor- 

 mation as to the habits of the water chevrotain in its native state. It is, however, 

 generally found near the banks of rivers and lakes, and its mode of life is said to be 

 much like that of pigs. 



The water chevrotain has but three premolar teeth in the lower jaw, but in the 

 somewhat larger species found in the Pliocene and Miocene strata of Europe there were 

 four of these teeth. The species occurring in the Pliocene of the Punjab was of still 

 larger dimensions; and affords one more instance of the intimate connection existing 

 between the Tertiary Mammalian fauna of India and that of Africa at the present day. 



SKELETON OF THE ARABIAN CAMEL. 



_ . In its separate metacarpal bones, the water chevrotain makes a de- 



Extmct Forms ., , .. 



cided approach towards the pigs; and in the Tertiary deposits of 



Europe and North America there occur numerous small Ungulates, which appear to 

 have connected the chevrotains with the deer. Such is Gelocus, from the lower 

 Miocene of France, in which the middle metacarpal bones were separate, while the 

 metatarsals were fused into a canon bone, which has been regarded as the common 

 ancestor of the two families. Prodremotherium of the upper Eocene of France, has 

 canon bones in both limbs; while in the American Hypertragulus both the meta- 

 carpals and metatarsals were separate. 



THE CAMELS AND LLAMAS 



Family Camelidcz 



The camels of the Old World, and the llamas of the New, form, as already 

 stated, a group of ruminating Ungulates distinguished widely both from the true 



