1040 THE UNGULATES, OR HOOFED MAMMALS 



extinct species are found in the Sicilian caves present a puzzle, since hippopotami 

 are not the sort of animals which one would expect to frequent such habitations. 

 Some years ago many shiploads of teeth and bones of these species were imported 

 into England from Palermo for the manufacture of charcoal. 



Although hippopotami are now quite unknown in India, during the Pleistocene 

 and Pliocene epochs they were abundant in that country. In the Pleistocene of the 

 Narbada valley in Central India remains of two species of the genus are met with; 

 one of these (ff. pal&indicus) being characterized by the presence on each side of 

 the lower jaw of a small incisor tooth between the two larger ones, corresponding to 

 those of the common African hippopotamus; while in the second Narbada species 

 (//. namadicus) both upper and lower jaws were provided with three nearly equal- 

 sized pairs of incisor teeth. The same condition also obtains in the Siwalik hippo- 

 potamus (ff. sivalensis] from the Pliocene rocks at the foot of the Himalayas, and 

 likewise in the Pliocene Burmese hippopotamus (H. iravadicus) and the Algerian 

 hippopotamus {ff. bonariensis} , which was likewise of Pliocene age. An extinct 

 hippopotamus (H. lemerlei) has also been dicovered in the superficial deposits of 

 Madagascar. 



