THE PENGUINS 



2317 



all the birds hitherto treated, and ranking on an equality with the ostrich-like birds 

 described in a later chapter. 



As already mentioned the penguins are confined to the Southern Hemisphere, 

 where they range from the Tropic to about the 8oth parallel of south latitude. 

 They are found not only on the Antarctic ice, but in South Africa, South 

 America, Australia, and New Zealand, as well as many of the smaller islands of the 



ROCK HOPPER PENGUINS. 

 (One- fourth natural size.) 



southern oceans, more especially the Falklands, Kerguelen, and Tristan da Cunha. 

 Although the whole of the penguins some twenty in number are included in 

 the single family Sphenistid<z , they are now generally divided into five genera, of 

 which the leading characteristics may be briefly noticed. The largest members of 

 the whole group are the king penguin (Aptenodytes pennantt), of Marion island, 

 Kerguelen Land, and other districts in the southern ocean, and the still larger em- 



