viii CONTENTS 



PAGB 



Other Families (Amphiffnatkodontida and Hemipltractidcz}^* Tongueless 

 Frogs (Xenopodida: and Pipida) -Spur-Toed Frogs (Xenofus) Surinam Water 

 Toad (Pi fa), . .... 



CHAPTER II. NEWTS, SALAMANDERS, AND CCECILIANS, Orders Caudata and 



Apoda. 



Distinctive Characteristics of the Caudata Their Distribution and Habits The Sala- 

 mander Tribe (Salamandridce) Typical Salamanders (Salamandra) Alpine 

 Salamander Spanish Salamander (Chioglossa} Newts (MoJgc) Crested Newt 



Marbled Newt Alpine Newt Common Newt Webbed Newt Other Species 



Habits of Newts Spectacled Salamander (Salamandrina) Other Genera 



(Tylotriton and Pachytriton) Axolotls (Amblystoma) Other Genera The Fish- 

 like Salamanders (Ampkiumida:} Giant Salamander (Megalobatraclius} Hell- 

 bender (Cryptobranchus) Three-Toed Salamander (Amphiuma) The Gilled 

 Salamanders (Proteida:) Olm (Proteus') Furrowed Salamander (Necturas) 

 Two-Legged Salamanders (Sirenidce) The Coecilians or Worm-like Amphibians 

 (Order Apoda), ...... . 2656 



CHAPTER III. THE PRIMEVAL SALAMANDERS, Order Labyrinthodontia. 

 Characteristics and Distribution of the Group The Leading Families and Genera, . 2679 



FISHES 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CLASS PISCES. 



CLASSIFICATION External Skeleton Internal Skeleton Teeth Coloration Soft 

 Parts Reproduction Tenacity of Life Distribution, 



CHAPTER II. LUNGFISHES AND CHIM^EROIDS, Subclasses Dipnoi and Holocephali. 



Existing Lungfishes (Lepidosirenidce) Australian Lungfish (Ceratodus) South- 

 American Mudfish (Lepidosiren) African Mudfish (Protopterus) Extinct 

 Lungfishes Berry-Bone Fishes (Order Arthrodira} The Chimaeroids (Subclass 

 'Holocephali'), ........... 



CHAPTER III. THE BONY FISHES AND GANOIDS, Subclass Teleostomi. 



Classification Fan-Finned Group (Order Actinopterygii) Spine-Finned Fishes (Sub- 

 order Acanthopterygii) The Perch Tribe (Percida:) True Perches (Perca) 

 Pike Perches (Lucioperca) Danubian Perches (Aspro) Ruffes (Acerina) Cen- 

 trarchidce) Bass and Sea Perches (Serranidce) South- American Perch and Bass 

 (PercichtJiyt and Morone) Sea Perch (Centropristes, Serranus, etc.) Stone Bass 

 (Polyprion) Oriental and African Perches (Lates and Psammoperca) Scaly- 

 Finned Fishes (Chtetodontidfe) Chcetodon Chelmon Heniochus Holacantlnts 



Red Mullets (Mullidce) Sea Breams (Spartda) Cantharus Haplodactylus 



Sar frits Giltheads (Chrvsopltrys) Knife- Jawed Fishes (HopJognatliidte) 

 Thick-Rayed Fishes (Cirrhitida) Cirrhitichthys Chilodaclylus Scorpaeoids 

 (Scorp&nidce) Allied Families Berycoids or Slime Heads (Beryrhirfip) Cur- 

 tid(z and Polynemidce Sciaenoids (Sci&nidce) Drum (Pogotiias) Umbrine3 

 (Umbrina) Meagres (Sciaena) Swordfishes (Xiphiida:) Scabbard Fishes 

 and Hairtails (Trichiundce) Scabbard Fish (Lepidoptts) Hairtails (Tri- 

 chiurus) Barracudas (Thyrsites) Extinct Forms Surgeons (Acronuridtz) 

 Horse Mackerels (CaraHgida) Typical Group ( Caranx) Pilot Fish (NaucraieS) 



