2834 



THE BONY FISHES AND GANOIDS 



Alps. On the other hand, the chub (/,. cephalus}, shown in the lower figure of the 

 illustration, may be selected as an example of a second group in which there are 

 two series of pharyngeal teeth. This fish has a somewhat wider distribution than 

 the last, extending southward into Italy and eastward into Asia; it is uniformly 

 colored, with grayish margins to the scales. To the same group of the genus be- 

 longs the dace (L. vulgaris), with the same distribution as the roach, to which it 

 presents a considerable external resemblance, although smaller and longer in form; 

 its sides being silvery, but the fins not tinged with red. Roach and dace are com- 

 monly found in company, and have identical habits. The fish shown in the upper 

 figure of our illustration is confined to the central and northern countries of the 

 Continent, where it is known as the ide (L. idus}, and is a uniformly-colored 



TENCH. 

 (One-sixth natural size.) 



species nearly allied to the last. It is of special interest on account of a golden- 

 colored domesticated variety bred in Germany, and known as the orfe. Another 

 member of the same group is the rudd of red 'eye (L. erythopthalmus) , of which a 

 specimen is represented in the left-hand middle figure of the illustration; this 

 species, which ranges all over Europe and Asia, may be distinguished by its scarlet 

 lower fins, the general hue of the scales being coppery. The familiar and dimin- 

 utive minnow (L. phoxinus) differs from all the foregoing members of this group 

 by the incomplete lateral line; its range being limited to Europe, although it is 

 represented by an allied species in North America. The habits of all these familiar 

 fish are too well known to need notice; but it may be mentioned that several of 

 them will interbreed, as they will with species belonging to other genera of the 

 family. 



