CONTENTS 



INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS 



CHAPTER I. THE JOINTED ANIMALS, Subkingdom A rthropoda; THE INSECTS, 

 Class Insecta; ANTS, BEES, WASPS, etc., Order Hymenoptera. 



PAC 



DISTINCTION BETWEEN VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES Special Characteristics of 

 Arthropods Distinctive Characteristics of Insects Geological Age of Insects 

 Other Features Mimicry Characteristics of Hymenoptera Development 

 Classification The Sawfly Group (Suborder Sessiliventres) Stem Sawflies 

 ( Cephidce} Tailed Wasps (Siricidce) True Sawfiies ( Tenthredinidcz} Typical 

 Group (Suborder Petiolata) Gall Wasps (Cynipidce} Proctotrypidce Chalcid- 

 idce Ichneumon Wasps (Ichneumon idee} Braconidce Other Families The 

 Ants (Formicidcz) Mutillidce, etc. Bembicidce Pompilidce Sphegidaz 

 Crabronid<z Philantliidce Wasps and Bees Solitary Wasps and Mud Wasps 

 (Masaridcz and Eumenidce) Social Wasps ( Vespidce) Solitary Bees (Andrenidce} 

 True Bees (Apidce), 



CHAPTER II. JOINTED ANIMALS, continued; INSECTS, continued. 

 THE FLIES AND FLEAS, Order Diptera. 



Characteristics of the Order Straight-Seamed Flies (Suborder Orthorrkapka) Mosqui- 

 toes and Gnats (Culicidce) Daddy Longlegs ( Tipulidce) Midges (CJrironomidee) 



Fungus Midges (Mycetophilid<z)G2i\\. Midges (Cecidomyidce) Sand Flies, etc. 

 (Simuliidce and Bibionidce) Horseflies or Breeze Flies (Tabanidce} Robber 

 Flies, etc. (Asilidce and Empidce} Bee Flies (Bombyliidce') Circular-Seamed 

 Flies (Suborder Cyclorrhaphd) Hover Flies (Syrphidce) Conopidce Typical 

 Flies (Muscidce} Gadflies and Botflies (CEstridce) Forest Flies (Hippoboscidat) 



Fleas (Ptilicidce, etc.), ......... 



If (v) 



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