2982 



THE JOINTED ANIMALS 



beetles, aphides, flies (gall midges), and others by the members of the present 

 family and some of the Tenthredinidce. In the gall wasps each species selects some 



I. COMMON OAK GALL WASP; 2. Torymus regius, a parasite on the same; 3. Gall of Cynips gemmcz; 4. Larval cham- 

 ber, shut and open; 5. The same enlarged, above on the left is figured the purple hairstreak and its larva; 6. 

 The same enlarged; 7. A gall cut through, showing the grub. 



5 37 



a 64 



I. THE SPONGE GALL WASP, with an old sponge gall; beneath is a new gall, whence the wasps have not yet made 

 their exit; 2. OAK ROOT GALL WASP, with its gall; 3. BRAMBLE GALL WASP (Diastrophus rubi), with its gall; 4. A 

 gall of the same slit in half; 5. Synergus facialis; 6. Figites scutellaris, parasites; 7. Ibalia cultellator, parasitic on 

 Sirex juvencus. (All the galls and Fig. 7 natural size; Fig. 6 enlarged.) 



