3048 



THE JOINTED ANIMALS 



feed on the leaves of various trees, and the chrysalis is pale pink relieved with 

 golden blotches. The small tortoiseshell ( V. urticcz}, whose jet-black spiny larva 

 feeds on the nettle, is among the commonest British butterflies. The peacock 

 butterfly ( V. id}, well known on account of the large eye-like blotches on the upper 

 and under wings, is figured in all its stages in the accompanying illustration. The 

 larvae also feed upon the nettle; and the insect is found throughout Europe and 

 Northern Asia as far as Japan, but not in Northern Africa. One of the hand- 

 somest, and at the same time of the rarest, of British butterflies, is the Camberwell 

 beauty ( V. antiopa). Its large angular wings are rich brown above, with a broad 

 yellow border, inclosing on its inner margin a row of blue spots. 



In the Tropics the place of the preceding genus is taken by Junonia, the mem- 

 bers of which are not perhaps so richly colored as the tortoiseshells. They occur 

 all over Eastern and Southern Asia, and are also found in North and South 

 America, the Oriental countries, and Africa. The caterpillars are spinous, as are 

 those of the two tortoiseshells. A figure of the beautiful, although dark-colored, 



Swinhoe's tortoiseshell (/. swin- 

 -d hoei) , is given at the lower left-hand 

 ^ corner of the colored plate. As an 

 L| example of the genus Pyrameis, we 

 may take the red admiral (P. ata- 

 lanta), which is a well-known and 

 richly-colored British butterfly, ap- 

 pearing in the autumn in woods, 

 and also in orchards where it feeds 

 upon the juices of decaying apples. 

 The large black wings with a scarlet 

 band across the upper, and a margin 

 of the same color around the lower, 

 together with the group of pure 

 white blotches toward the tip of the 

 former, render it a very conspicuous 

 insect. When, however, the wings 

 are closed, the mottled black and 

 brown render it almost invisible. 

 The larvae are black and spinous, 

 and feed upon the common nettle; 

 and the species is found all over 

 Europe and North Africa, North and 

 West Asia, and North and Central 

 America. In many other regions 

 its place is taken by some very 

 closely-allied forms. In the painted 

 GROUP OF BUTTERFUES. lady (P. cardui ) , of which the cater- 



I. Peacock butterfly; 2. The same just emerged; 3. The cater- p iH arS feed Upon the thistle the 

 pillar; 4. The chrysalis; 5. Meadow brown; 6. The cater- 



pillar (natural size). wings are orange red, black spotted, 



