WHIP SCORPIONS AND THEIR ALLIES 



3185 



and the others, of which there are eight or ten, arranged in two clusters of three 

 or five each at the sides of the head, some distance behind the front eyes. The 

 adult males differ from the females in having longer and often differently shaped 

 pincers, and also very generally in having the first ventral plate of the abdomen 

 larger and more swollen. The females of some genera ( Thelyphonus, Typopeltis), 

 on the other hand, have the segments of the tarsus of the first pair of legs peculiarly 

 modified. 



Considering their antiquity and wide range, the whip scorpions are strikingly 

 uniform in structure. The largest specimens, measuring about four inches in 

 length, have been met with in Northeast India and Central and South America. 



A WEST-AFRICAN TAIIXKSS WHIP SCORPION, Titanodamen johnstoni. 

 (Natural size.) 



All the species seem to be nocturnal, spending the day hiding beneath stones, logs 

 of wood, etc., and, when surprised, hurrying away with considerable speed into any 

 holes or crevices that are handy. The Indian species require moist surroundings, 

 being generally only found during the heaviest rains, and soon dying when removed 

 from their humid haunts. In Florida, there is, however, a species frequenting dry 

 sandy localities; and some species dig burrows in the ground and use them as 

 permanent places of abode. 



In the tailless group, or Amblypygi, the body is much flattened, 

 Tailless Group , , , . . , . . . , ' , , , . , 



the carapace being wider than long, and kidney shaped, and the 



abdomen oval with the segments gradually decreasing in size in front and behind, 

 and none at the hinder end being narrowed to form a stalk. Corresponding with 



