1 6 THE BOOK OF PEARS AND PLUMS 



the branches at distant ends turned upwards. The 

 lower branches are horizontal as far as the space allows, 

 then turned upwards. This change checks the sap, 

 lessens luxuriance, and promotes fruit-buds. But there 

 often is excessive growth in the upper parts. These 

 upper shoots must be pruned before the lower. Such 

 trees are called Palmetto Verrier, and are scarcely to be 

 recommended. 



FAN-SHAPED TREES 



are adapted to high walls. Tomatoes or other 

 fruits may be grown below in the vacant spaces. 

 By planting a standard against a high wall, it will 

 soon be covered if fed and duly trained. Cut the 

 tree back as an orchard standard after planting. Keep 

 the boughs well away from each other, 12 inches 

 or more apart. If a wall is shaded with foliage it 

 derives little heat from the sun. Stop the gross up- 

 right shoots early in the season to spread the sap, and 

 summer prune in July. Keep the branches close to the 

 wall, and complete pruning in winter. These trees 

 must be on the Pear Stock. The choicest sorts, such 

 as Doyenne du Cornice, Beurre Superfin or Diel 

 should be selected for a south wall. Prune the upper 

 parts before the lower. Wires may be placed on the 

 walls li inches out, with an interval of 12 inches or 

 more between each wire. 



BUSHES 



are of great value, either in a plantation or a garden. 

 In good soil, even those on the quince grow large, and 

 may need root-pruning or moving. In poor soil, with 

 gravel or chalk not far below, bushes on Pear Stock 

 must be moved every few years, and well fed. Rotten 



