INTRODUCTION. 



and proceeded from Fort Riley to Bridger's Pass, and back by a different route for a portion 



of the distance. 



12. EXPLORATIONS OP RED RIVER, BY CAPTAIN R. B. MARCY, AND AIDED BY CAPTAIN G. B. 

 McCLELLAN, ACCOMPANIED BY DR. G. G. SuoMARD, as surgeon and naturalist. 



The remaining less strictly official collections from the west, used in this report, were made 

 chiefly by the following parties and persons : 



COLONEL ALFRED VAUOHAN, Indian agent, and Dr. F. V. HAYDEN, in 1854 and 1855.- 

 Their explorations were of the Missouri river from Council Bluffs to Fort Benton, the Yellow 

 stone, for a considerable portion of its extent, and various points between the Platte and Upper 

 Missouri, including the Black hills. 



Lieut. W. P. TROWBRIDOB, on the Pacific coast, at San Diego, San Miguel, Monterey, San 

 Francisco, Bodega, Humboldt Bay, Port Orford, Astoria, and Cape Flattery. His collections 

 were made while engaged on tidal observations for the Coast Survey, assisted by Messrs. Andrew 

 Cassidy, Jas. Wayne, and T. A. Szabo. 



RICHARD D. CUTTS, also on Coast Survey duty. Collections made chiefly near San Francisco. 



Dr. JOHN F. HAMMOND, U. S. A., at Fort Reading and San Diego. 



E. SAMUELS, at Petaluma, Tomales Bay, and the Redwoods, California. Mr. Samuels was 

 sent out by the Smithsonian Institution and the Boston Natural History Society. 



Major G. H. THOMAS, at Fort Yuma, California. In making his collections, Major Thomas 

 was assisted by Lieut. DUBARRY, Lieut. R. E. PATTERSON, and Dr. R. 0. ABBOTT, U. S. A. 



Dr. W. S. KINO, U. S. A., at San Diego. 



Dr. J. L. LECONTE, at various points in California ; A. S. TAYLOR, at Monterey, California ; 

 and A. J. GRAYSON, at San Jose ; Dr. W. 0. AYRES, at San Francisco ; Dr. C. C. BOYLE, on 

 the American river. 



Lieut. NUGEN, in the Cascade Mountains ; Dr. POTTS, U. S. A., at Fort Jones ; Dr. W. F. 

 TOLMIB, at Fort Nisqually. 



Dr. SWIFT, U. S. A., at Fort Chadbourne, Texas ; Dr. ANDERSON, U. S. A., at Fort McKavit ; 

 Dr. L. A. EDWARDS, U. S. A., in Texas and Arkansas; Dr. S. W. Crawford, U. S. A., at 

 Fort Bliss, Texas ; GUSTAVUS WURDEMANN, on the coast of Texas. 



Dr. W. A. HAMMOND, U. S. A., at Fort Riley, aided by L. X. de VESEY ; Lieut. COUCH at Fort 

 Leavenworth ; Dr. WM. HAMMOND, at Fort Kearney ; Capt. S. VAN VLIET, at Fort Laramie and 

 at Brownsville, Texas ; Major J. H. CARLETON, at Fort Laramie ; ALEXANDER CULBERTSON, as also 

 Messrs. EDWARD T. DENIO and FERDINAND CULBERTSON, of the American Fur company, and 

 THADDEUS A. CULBERTSON, on the Upper Missouri ; J. S. BOWMAN, during several trips across the 

 plains from St. Louis to San Francisco. 



Dr. J. F. HEAD, U. S. A., at Fort Ripley, Minn., aided by the Rev. S. W. MANNEY. CHAHLES 

 CAVILEER, at Pembina, Minn. 



Major E. S. SIBLEY, at Fort Union, New Mexico. 



A more detailed account of the collections and expeditions referred to above will be found in 

 the reports of the Smithsonian Institution. (Sixth to the eleventh, 1851-1856.) A notice of 

 the collections from the eastern portions of the United States, used for purposes of comparison, 

 will also be found in the same series. 



The very rich collections made by the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey in Texas 

 New Mexico, and California, are described in detaiWn its report, which also embraces notices 

 of the results of the explorations in Texas and northern Mexico, by Dr. Berlandier, Mr. John 



