ZOOLOGY MAMMALS. 79 



to the Dalles, and the smaller streams almost to their heads, probably in pursuit of salmon. 

 As they always sink, when shot in deep water, I never obtained a specimen. Many are killed 

 by the settlers for their oil, and the Indians sometimes have a hunt for them, killing them 

 while asleep on sand bars in the bays, but I never was present on ove of these occasions in time 

 to secure a skin, as they roast the animal with its skin on. 



SCIURUS RICHARDSONII, Bach. 



Richardson s Squirrel. 



Sciurus richardsonii, BACHMAN, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond. VI, 1838, 100. 

 AUD. & BACH. N. Am. Quad. I, 1849, 41. 

 BAIRD, Gen. Rep. Mammals, 1857, 273. 



Sp. CH. Size larger tnan the Hudson s Bay squirrel. Ears with long hairs, presenting the appearance of tufts. Tail 

 shorter than the body. Under surface of feet hairy from heel to metatarsals ; then nearly naked. Above, reddish brown, 

 varied with annulations of black, lighter on the sides ; beneath, dull white ; a dark line separating colors of sides from belly. 

 Tail bushy, sub-cylindrical, dark reddish brown in the centre, entirely of a pure glossy black at tip. The hairs all long and 

 coarse. Hairs on the tail generally, (except at tip,) glossy black beyond the rufous portion, and more or less tipped with paler 

 rusty. 



One specimen of this species (No. 10) was obtained on the Spokane river, October 30, 1853. 



SCIURUS DOUGLASSII, Bach. 



Oregon Red Squirrel. 



Sciurus douglassii, (&quot; GRAT,&quot;) BACHMAV, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond. VI, 1838, 99. 



(&quot; BACH.&quot;) AUD. & BACH. N. Am. Quad. I, 1849, 370 ; pi. xlviii. 

 BAIRD, Gen. Rep. Mammals, 1857, 275. 

 Sciurus belcheri, J. E. GRAY, Ann. & Mag. N. H. X, 1842, 263. IB. Zoology of the Sulphur, 1844, 33 ; pi. xii, 



fig. 2. 



Sciurus suckleyi, BAIRD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. VII, April, 1855, 333. 



Size that of Sciurus hudsonius, or a little larger. Ears well tufted ; tail shorter than the body, scarcely flattened. Soles 

 naked in the centre. Above dull rusty, and black, mixed ; the latter quite predominant ; beneath, clear bright buff, without 

 mixture of dark or annulated hairs. A dark stripe on the sides. Tail dull chestnut centrally, darker above ; then black and 

 margined all round with rusty white. Hairs at tip of tail entirely black, except at their extremity. 



More northern specimens in winter have the soles densely hairy to the toes, the fur much fuller and softer, the under parts 

 with dusky annulations, the general hue grayer. Size about that of S. hudsonius, or a little larger. Head short, broad. 

 Whiskers longer than the head ; black. Thumb, a mere callosity ; ringers well developed, the central two longest, and nearly 

 equal ; the inner rather longer than the outer ; claws large, compressed, and much curved ; palms naked. On the hind feet the 

 inner toe is shortest, reaching only to the base of the claw of the outer, which comes next in size ; the fjurth is longest, the 

 third and second little shorter. Claws all large and much curved. In summer the soles are naked, except along the edges and 

 the extreme heel ; in other words, there is a narrow central line of naked skin from near the heel ; they are more hairy in 

 winter. The ears are moderate, with short close hairs on their concavity ; the back of the ear is covered with long hairs, those 

 near the upper margin longest, and projecting beyond nearly five lines in some specimens ; these tufts are nearly black. The 

 tail is small, shorter than the body, moderately flattened ; the hairs rather short, and, as on the rest of the body, coarse 

 and stiff. 



The little Pine Squirrel I found quite abundant in all the wooded parts of the Territory on 

 both sides of the Cascade mountains, and obtained specimens from very distant localities which 

 seemed to agree closely in habits, cries, and colors. They have the same loud and petulant 

 chatter as the eastern species, and descend, fearlessly, to within a few feet of every intruder, 

 scolding and showing their anger in various ways. In the mild climate, west of the Cascade 

 mountains, they do not hybernate, but as they are found also on the summits of these moun 

 tains, they probably there retire for winter, to hollow trees, and live on their hoarded stock of 

 provisions. 



In summer they inhabit nests of leaves and sticks built among branches and vines. They 

 do not seem to be troublesome to the farmer, as they live on the pine nuts, acorns and hazel 

 nuts abundant in the woods. Probably if Indian corn was a common crop they would not be 

 long in discovering its valuable properties. 



