138 ZOOLOGY. 



BOS AMERICANUS, G m e 1 i n . 



American Buffalo ; Bison. 



BAIRD, Gen. Rep. Mammals, 682. 



TJie American Buffalo. Jedediah S. Smith says that prior to 1830 the most western limit of 

 this animal was at the head of the river Malade, (a branch of Snake river,) heading in the 

 Salmon River mountains. Angus McDonald, esq., of the Hudson Bay Company, tells me that 

 he found a buffalo skull in the canon of Snake river, at the foot of the Great Shoshonee Falls, 

 eight miles above Rock creek. Wilkes, or Fremont, gives the Pont Neuf as their boundary in 

 1841. In 1845 they left the valley of Bear river, and I doubt whether they now cross Green 

 river, or even come through the South Pass. Formerly, it is said, they were quite plentiful 

 in the British possessions west of the Rocky mountains. I was told in 1853, by an old Iroquis 

 hunter, that a lost bull had been killed twenty-five years before in the Grand Coulee; but this 

 was an extraordinary occurrence, perhaps before unknown. G. 



The only buffalo that I have heard of which has been killed within late years north of the 

 South Pass and west of the Rocky mountains was a &quot;lost&quot; bull, which was seen and killed at 

 Horse Plain, at the junction of the Flathead and Hell Gate rivers, on the day I passed it on my 

 canoe voyage in November, 1853. The Indians were in great glee, saying &quot; The buffalo are 

 coming back among us I&quot; a hope in which, it is needless to say, they have been disappointed. 

 Their remark, however, would indicate that these animals formerly were abundant in the valleys 

 on the headwaters of Clark s Fork of the Columbia. S. 



ANIMALS INTRODUCED INTO OREGON AND WASHINGTON TERRITORIES. 



Horned Cattle. 



Horned cattle of the wild Spanish variety were introduced into Oregon from California a few 

 years ago by the Hudson Bay Company. Having increased rapidly, in 1850 there were about 

 4,000 head on the Nisqually plains. Although private property, they have become so wild that 

 they have to be hunted and killed on horseback, like buffalo. Owing to the rapid settlement of 

 the country and to other causes, these wild cattle are now (1855) becoming rapidly exterminated. 

 The jargon word for cattle is Moos-moos, and is a corruption of Moos -moos -chin, the Walla-Walla 

 word for buffalo. G. 



The California cattle are now done away with to a great extent in both our northwestern 

 Territories, having given place to the better breed of domestic stock which have been driven 

 across from the valley of the Mississippi. It is said that a cross between the two kinds adds 

 great hardiness to the stock, and that a dash say one-fourth or one-eighth of the Spanish 

 blood is really an improvement to the breed. S. 



The Horse. 



The Yakimas (living north of the Columbia) say that they first obtained the horse from the 

 Flatheads. The latter probably got them from the Snakes, who, in their turn, probably obtained 

 them from the Comanches. Garry, the Spokane chief, cannot say how long it is since his tribe 

 got them. Lewis and Clark s description of the standard of the Oregon horse is far superior 

 to that of the present stock. It is probable that they have much deteriorated by promiscuous 

 breeding, and by the introduction of the white horse. 



