258 ZOOLOGY. 



Sub-Family F ULIGULIN AE . T he Sea-Ducks. 



FULIX MARILA, (Linn,) Baird. 

 Big Black-head; Scaup Duck; Broad bill. 



Anas mania, LINN. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 196.-GM. I, 1788, 509. WILSON, Am. Orn. VIII, 1814, 84; pi. Ixix. 

 Fuligula marila, STEPH. Shaw s Gen. Zool. Birds XII, 11, 1824, 198. BON. List, 1838. AUD. Birds Am. VII, 1843, 



3a5; pi. 498. GIRAUD, Birds L. Island, 1844, 321. (marila.) 

 Jlythya marila, BON. List, Birds Europe, 1842. 

 Fulix marila, BAIHD, Gen. Rep. Birds, 791. 



Sp. CH. Head and neck all round, jugulum and shoulders, lower part of back, tail, and coverts black; the head with a 

 gloss of dark green on the sides. Rest ef under parts white ; feathers on the lower part of belly and on the sides, the long 

 feathers of the flanks, the interscapulum, and the scapulars, white, waved in zigzag transversely with black. Greater and 

 middle wing coverts similarly marked, but more finely and obscurely. Greater coverts towards the tip, and the tertials,. 

 greenish black; the speculum is white, b &amp;gt;rdered behind by greenish black; the while extending across the whole central 

 portion of the secondaries. Outer primaries and tips of all brownish black; inner ones pale gray ; the central line dusky. 

 Axillars and middle of the inferior surface of the wing white. Bill blue black. Legs plumbeous. 



Female with the head brown ; the region all round the base of the bill white ; the undulations of black and white on the 

 feathers wanting, or but faintly indicated above. Length, 20; wing, 9 ; tarsus, 1.58; commissure, 2.16. 

 Hab. Whole of North America and Europe. 



The scaup duck is abundant all along the north Pacific coast during the cold months. Several 

 specimens were obtained at Fort Steilacoom. S. 



The scaup duck is a winter species, associating with the golden eye, and others, in creeks 

 and bays, from October till April. C. 



AYTHYA VALLISNERIA, (Wilson,) Bonap. 



Canvas-back. 



Anas vallisneria, WILSON, Am. Orn. VIII, 1814, 103; pi. Ixx. 



Fuligula vallisneria, STEPHENS, XII, 1823, 196. Sw. P. Bor. Am. II, 1831, 451. NUTTALL, Man. II, 430. 

 Jlythya vallisneria, BON. List, 1838. NEWBERRY, Rep. P. R. R. VI, iv, 1857, 103. BAIRD, Gen. Rep. Birds, 794. 

 Fuligula vallisneriana, AUD. Orn. Biog. IV, 183:!, 1; pi. 301. IB. Syn. 1839. IB. Birds Amer. VI, 1843, 299; 



pi. 395. 



Sp. CH. Bill long, slender, and tapering. Head all round and neck chesnut; the top of the head and region around the 

 base of the bill dusky brown. Rest of neck, body anterior to the shoulders, back behind, rump and tail coverts, black. Under 

 parts white; the region anterior to the anus, the sides, the interscapulars and scapulars, white, finely dotted in transverse line 

 with black, the white greatly predominating. Speculum bluish gray, lighter externally; the innermost secondaries of the 

 speculum edged externally with black. 



Female with the black and chesnut replaced by brown, the cheeks and chin lighter, and some tinged with dull rufous. 

 Length, 20.10; wing, 9.30; tarsus, 1.70; commissure, 2.65. 

 IJab. Whole of North America. 



The canvas-back duck is found sparingly during the autumn and winter at Fort Dalles, 0. T., 

 and at Puget Sound. It is much more abundant in the vicinity of San Francisco, where 

 immense numbers are brought every winter to the markets. S. 



The canvas-back duck is abundant during winter in the bays and rivers, frequenting the 

 Columbia a hundred miles from its mouth. C. 



