266 ZOOLOGY. 



down the neck for about eight inches, is a large membranous sac or pouch, capable of great expansion ; it is of the same color 

 as the bill ; bare space around the eye bright yellow; iris white; legs and feet yellow; claws yellowish brown. 



The female differs in not having the bony projection on the upper mandible. 



Total length, 70 inches; wing, 24.50; bill, 13.50; tarsi, 4.75; tail, 7. 



Hob. Throughout the United States, rare on the coasts of the middle and northern States. Fur countries up to the 

 61st parallel. 



The rough-billed pelican is common at San Francisco, where I obtained a very fine specimen 

 in January, 1856. This species may extend as far north as the Columbia, but I have myself 

 not seen it beyond the locality first mentioned. S. 



This bird I have seen along the Platte river, Nebraska, in October, on its way south, and 

 from its far northern range in the interior, and from its being abundant in Utah, I have no 

 doubt of its occurring in some seasons in the interior of Washington Territory, though not seen 

 there by me, nor did I see it at Shoalwater bay, or elsewhere on the coast north of San Fran 

 cisco. C. 



PELECANUS FUSCUS, Linnaeus. 



Gray or Brown Pelican. 



PeUcanus fuscus LINN. Syst. Nat. 1766, 215. BON. Syn. 1828, No. 352. Nurr. Man. II, 1834, 476. AUD. Orn. Biog. 



111,1835,376; V, 1839, 212. IB. Syn. 1839. IB. Birds Am. VII, 1844, 32; pi. ccccxxiii and 



ccccxxiv. BAIRD & LAWRENCE, Gen. Rep. Birds, p. 870. 

 Onocrotalus fuscus, BON. Cons. Av. II, 1855, 163. 



SP. Cn. Head with a short occipital crest of light reddish brown; bill grayish white, more or less dusky, and marked 

 with pale carmine spots; a large pouch appended to the under mandible; below the color is very dark ash, above hoary; 

 second primary longest; legs stout. 



Adult male. Head white, except en the fore part, where it is yellow; sides of the neck adjoining the pouch white; hind 

 part of neck and lower part in front dark chestnut brown, the short crest pale reddish brown; back and wings grayish ash, 

 with dusky margins, the former color prevailing on the larger wing coverts and scapulars; primaries brownish black, second 

 aries dark ashy brown, with their outer margins grayish white ; shafts of the primaries white until near the end, when they 

 become black; tail grayish ash, with the shafts of the feathers white for one-half their length; terminal half black; under 

 plumage dark brownish ash, with the sides of the body from the neck for its entire length, marked with narrow longitudinal 

 white lines; on the lower part of the neck is a small patch of pale yellow; bill grayish white, tinged with brown and inter 

 mixed with spots of pale carmine; the lower mandible blackish at the end, and having underneath a large pouch similar in 

 character to that of the preceding species, but of a greenish black color, with the ridges formed by the wrinkles paler; bare 

 skin surrounding the eye deep blue; iris white, the eyelids pink; legs and feet black. 



The plumage of the fully adult female is similar in color to that of the male; the feathers of the head are rather rigid, 

 not downy as in the male. 



In the young the plumage generally is of a dusky brown. 



Length of male, 56 inches; wing, 22; bill, 13. 50; tarsi, 3; tail, 6.50. Young, length 48 inches; extent, 57.60. 



Bab. From Texas to North Carolina; California coast. 



About September 1 the gray or &quot;brown&quot; pelican enters Shoalwater bay in large flocks, 

 which remain until November. They feed principally during rising tide, wandering in long 

 trains over the channels, and diving occasionally one after the other, sometimes scattering and 

 fishing singly. They rest, during the intervals, on a large sand island in the mouth of the bay. 

 I have never seen them in their spring migrations northward. C. 



