THE RAISIN INDUSTRY. 103 



There has been during the last sixteen years two such invasions of 

 grasshoppers in the California raisin districts. The grasshoppers are 

 of many species, some seventeen kinds having been recognized one 

 season. They all breed in the waste or unplowed ground outside 

 the vineyard, and when full-grown invade the vines. This fact can be 

 taken advantage of to destroy them. 



Remedies. The waste lands for a half mile at least all around the 

 vineyard should be plowed and harrowed in the early spring. This 

 will destroy the eggs of the grasshoppers, and the fallow land will serve 

 as a barrier over which the grasshoppers do not readily pass. 



If the vineyards are so situated that the weeds or natural vegetation 

 on the land surrounding the vines can be burned for half a mile or 

 more, this will also prove a certain barrier for the hoppers. 



A mixture of fifteen pounds of white arsenic with eighty pounds of 

 bran and twenty pounds of middlings, moistened with enough water 

 to make a paste, will be eaten by the grasshoppers. The paste is 

 spread on bits of shakes or shingles and distributed all around the 

 vineyard, and later on in the vineyard. It may also be smeared on 

 fences or trees. The grasshoppers will eat it readily, and can thus be 

 successfully destroyed. If this method is used in time, the advancing 

 army of the pest can be kept back or destroyed at the very entrance of 

 the vineyard. As another remedy, a spray is recommended consisting 

 of one ounce of Paris green, one hundred gallons of water, and two 

 pounds of paste. This is sprayed on the trees or vines, and is said to 

 kill the grasshoppers effectively without injuring the fruit. 



