106 



THE RAISIN INDUSTRY. 



copper ringlets on the wire line, perfectly straight and even rows can 

 be had in every direction. 



Too much stress cannot be laid on this work. Remember that the 

 vineyard is to last for a lifetime or more, and that any careless work 

 will ever be an eyesore and a drawback. Unsightly vineyards, care- 

 lessly staked out, are never worth as much as tEose carefully planted, 

 where every row is straight, and where plowing, cultivating and other 

 farming and vineyard work can be performed without meeting any 

 obstacles in the way of crooked rows, or of vines standing out of line. 

 Only too frequently vineyard rows are plowed out, and the cuttings 

 are ' ' slapped ' ' in any way in order to get the work quickly done. 

 In after years, when the proprietor's taste and experience has improved, 

 he finds that his reputation as a careless or ignorant grower cannot be 

 changed; for the vineyard is there to last, and to tell the tale of early 

 ignorance or neglect. 



14. 



i-a, b, c, d. Vineyard Tools used in the Currant Vineyards of Zante. 



Relative Value of Cuttings and Rooted Vines. Cuttings and rooted 

 vines have their advocates, but the majoritj* of vineyardists are now 

 in favor of planting rooted vines, and I woulcf myself choose the latter 

 every time. As, however, rooted vines and cuttings are both likely 

 to be used as long as vines are planted, a few words in regard to their 

 respective merits may be of general interest. In planting cuttings, 

 we are never sure that they will all grow. Cuttings if cared for gen- 

 erally do well, but sometimes, even with good care, they fail, and the 

 loss and annoyance is then always great, and even in very careful 

 planting seldom over ninety per cent live, while often twenty -five per 



