Under the direction of Dr. Frederick V. Coville, Bureau of Plant Industry. 

 The majority of the determinations, aside from grasses, have been made by 

 the late Dr. E. L. Greene (1908-15) and Ivar Tidestrom. (1915-35). Grasses 

 have been identified by the late Prof. A. S. Hitchcock, Mrs. Agnes Chase, and 

 assistants; the late Kenneth D. Mackenzie check-identified the sedges; Dr. 

 Coville determined most of the rushes, currants, gooseberries, and blueberries ; 

 Dr. C. R. Ball, most of the willows; Dr. S. F. Blake, many composites; 

 W. W. Eggleston and Dr. C. P. Smith, lupines; Dr. F. W. Pennell, numerous 

 Scrophulariaceae ; and the late Dr. C. V. Piper, many plants from eastern 

 Oregon and Washington. Other Forest Service sources include a booklet of 

 grass notes (1914)), Dr. Arthur W. Sampson's Important Range Plants (1917), 

 and Dayton's Important Western Browse Plants (1931) ; also unpublished 

 notes on upwards of S.OOO species, palatability tables developed by numerous 

 range reconnaissance parties, and unpublished manuscripts on western range 

 weedg ("forbs", or nongrasslike herbs) and on Southwestern range plants. 



The more outstanding and most frequently consulted of over 400 publica- 

 tions, outside those of the Forest Service, used in connection with the 

 preparation of this handbook include the following: 



Coulter, Botany of Western Texas (1891-94). 



Howell, A Flora of Northwest America (1897-1903). 



Lyons, Plant Names Scientific and Popular (1900). 



Rydberg, Catalogue of the Flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park (1900). 



Blankinship, Native Economic Plants of Montana (1905). 



Knight, Hepner, and Nelson, Wyoming Forage Plants and their Chemical Composition 



(I papers, 1905-11). 

 Rydberg, Flora of Colorado (1905). 

 Piper, Flora of Washington (1900). 



Coulter and Nelson, New Manual of Botany of the Central Rocky Mountains (1909). 

 Thornber, The Grazing Ranges of Arizona (1910). 

 Schneider, Pharmacal Plants and their Culture (1912). 



Wooton and Standley, The Grasses and Grass-like Plants of New Mexico (1912). 

 Wooton and Standley, Flora of New Mexico (1915). 

 Rydberg, Flora of the Rocky Mountains and Adjacent Plains (1917). 

 Hitchcock, The Genera of Grasses of the United States, with Special Reference to the 



Economic Species (1920). 



Standley, Trees and Shrubs of Mexico (1920-26). 

 Youngken, A Textbook of Pharmacognosy (1921). 

 Hadwen and Palmer, Reindeer in Alaska (1922). 

 Abrams, An Illustrated Flora of the Pacflc States (1923). 

 Jepson, A Manual of the Flowering Plants of California (1923-25). 

 Piper, Forage Plants and their Culture (1924). 

 Tidestrom, Flora of Utah and Nevada (1925). 

 Sampson and Chase, Range Grasses of California (1927). 

 Wilson, The Artificial Reseeding of New Mexico Ranges (1931). 

 Rydberg, Flora of the Prairies and Plains of Central North America (1932). 

 Bailey, The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture (1933). 

 Saunders, Western Wild Flowers and their Stories (1933). 

 Silveus, Texas Grasses (1933). 

 Stuhr, Manual of Pacific Coast Drug Plants (1933). 



The grass nomenclature in the handbook is in accord with that of Hitch- 

 cock's Manual of Grasses of the United States (1935). For data on poisonous 

 plants the copious literature of Pammel, Marsh, Chesnut, Clawson, Roe, Couch, 

 Beath, Fleming, Glover, and other specialists was freely used. 



Ethnobotanical notes on plants used by American Indians were obtained 

 chiefly from the works of Chesnut, Coville, Geyer, Gilmore, Harrington, Havard, 

 Palmer, Robbins, Russell, Standley, and Stevenson. Pellett's publications on 

 American honey plants, outstanding in that field, have been freely drawn 

 upon. 



Palatability of Range Plants 



The use of the term "palatability", as found in this publication, is in 

 accordance with the usage of national-forest grazing surveys, and has been 

 defined 3 as 



the degree to which the herbage within easy reach of stock is grazed when a range is 

 properly utilized under the best practicable range management. The percentage of the 

 readily accessible herbage of a species that is grazed when the range is properly utilized 

 determines the palatability of the species. 



* United States Department of Agriculture, ITorest Service. INSTRUCTIONS FOR GRAZING 

 SURVEYS ON NATIONAL FORESTS. 40 pp., illus. (Mimeographed.) 1935. 



