ers; the, branches are either smooth or armed with long, slender, 

 straight prickles. This rose is common in the foothills and low to 

 medium elevations of the mountains, growing in the shaded woods 

 and brushy north slopes of the ponderosa pine and Douglas fir belts 

 and commonly associated with hollygrape, salal, oceanspray, and 

 ferns. It is, perhaps, one of the most important of the native roses 

 on the western ranges, and in the Northwest is considered the most 

 palatable species. Maximum use occurs during the late summer and 

 fall. Other than in the Northwest the species rates fair to fairly 

 good in palatability for cattle and good for sheep. 



Macoun rose (/?. macou'nii), Maximilian rose (R. maximilia'ni) , 

 and Woods rose (R. wood'sii] are rather common and similar wild 

 roses which, although of somewhat inferior forage value, are often 

 confused with Fendler rose. Macoun rose, a low, prickly shrub up 

 to 3!/2 feet high, occurs sparingly in the middle and subalpine eleva- 

 tions from British Columbia to Manitoba and south to Utah and 

 northern New Mexico. The distribution of Maximilian rose is in 

 dispute, owing to differences of taxonomic opinion; it is essentially 

 a northern species ranging from Washington to Saskatchewan and 

 South Dakota and extending southward perhaps as far as New 

 Mexico and Utah. It is a spiny shrub up to 40 inches in height, and 

 is not abundant except possibly locally along canyons at middle ele- 

 vations. Woods rose is a rather heavily armed shrub from 1 to 6 

 feet in height; it sometimes is locally abundant on riverbanks, can- 

 yons, and in open woods of the ponderosa pine and spruce belts from 

 British Columbia to Nevada and western Kansas. 



California wild rose (R. calif o^nica) , a prickly, rather stout shrub 

 3 to 6 feet high, grows only in California, where it is probably the 

 most common wild rose. It inhabits river and creek flats, and banks 

 and moist or springy places in the low and middle altitudes, and is 

 generally regarded as fairly good browse. Engelmann rose (R. 

 engelman'nii), a low shrubby rose seldom over 20 inches high, very 

 bristly, but not spiny, occurs in the open woods from the Dakotas 

 to Montana and Colorado ; it is usually considered choice sheep feed. 



Nutka rose (R. nutka'na), whose large flowers make it one of the most attrac- 

 tive of the western wild roses, is widely distributed from Alaska to California, 

 Colorado, and western Montana. This stout, usually spiny shrub, 2 to 10 feet 

 high, is inferior in palatability to many roses. The ripened fruit, however, is 

 edible by man and beast 8 Cluster rose (R. pisocar'pa), a common, slender, 

 usually prickly-stemmed plant, grows scatteringly along streams and dry ravines 

 from British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho, and possibly also to California and 

 Utah. It is regarded as good sheep browse. Pear-hip rose (R. pyri'fera), a 

 rather large shrub up to 4 or more feet in height, is so named because of its 

 pear-shaped fruits, or hips. It inhabits moist, frequently shady situations from 

 Montana to Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, and California, and is regarded as approxi- 

 mately average among the roses in forage value. Spalding rose (R. spalding'ii) 

 ranges from British Columbia to Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, northern California, 

 and Oregon, being most common in tbe ponderosa pine belt, where it grows* 

 under a wide variety of soil and moisture conditions. It is an erect, usually 

 spiny shrub about 3 feet high. Spalding rose is one of the more palatable roses, 

 being considered fair for cattle and fairly good to good for sheep. 



6 Rusby, H. H. THE APRIL WILD FOODS OF THE UNITED STATES . . . Country Life in 

 Amer. 9 (6) : 718-719, illus. 1906. 



