x The Hydrosphere 159 



of which are shown on Plate XIII. The Southern Ocean 

 may be characterised as the shoreless ocean, for it extends 

 round the Earth from 40 S. to the Antarctic ice, only a 

 portion of South America, the islands of Tasmania and 

 South New Zealand, and some smaller ones projecting 

 into it. Its area is about 30,000,000 square miles. The 

 Pacific Ocean, with an area of 55,000,000 square miles, as 

 large as all the land of the globe, is well called the Great 

 Ocean by the Germans. It contains many islands and 

 partially enclosed seas, the names of which are given in 

 the following table. The Pacific is the only ocean parts of 

 which lie more than 2500 miles from the nearest continent 

 (see Plate XII.) The Indian Ocean is entirely enclosed 

 by land on the north, and has an area of 17,000,000 square 

 miles. The Atlantic, with an area of 33,000,000 square 

 miles, has a more indented shore than any other, and may 

 be called the ocean of enclosed seas. The largest of these, 

 often itself termed an ocean, is the Arctic. More than half 

 the land of the globe sends rivers into the Atlantic and its 

 associated seas. 



OCEANS AND SEAS 

 ATLANTIC. PACIFIC. INDIAN. 



Enclosed. Partially Enclosed. Partially Enclosed. Partially 



Enclosed. Enclosed. Enclosed. 



Mediterranean Arctic Yellow Bering Red Andaman 



Black Kara Okhotsk 



Adriatic Norwegian * Gulf of Japan Persian^- 



Baltic North California China Gulf 



White Caribbean Celebes 



Hudson Bay Banda 



Gulf of Java 



Mexico Sulu 



Arafura. 



217. Ocean Tides. If the hydrosphere were continuous, 

 or if the land were arranged in narrow strips from east to 

 west, a double tidal wave ( 103, 114) would travel round 

 the globe every day, the velocity of this free wave form 

 being thus about I ooo miles an hour at the equator, and its 

 length half the circumference of the Earth. If the land of 



