i 2 Plant-life of the Oxford District 



Ceanothus Veitchianus, California, 1859. 



Choisya ternata, Mexico. 1825. 



Clematis Jackmanni (hybrids) 1862. 



Cotoneasler Simonsii, India, 1869. 



Cydonia japonica, Japan, 1815. 



Euotiymus japonicus, Japan, 1804. 



Fuchsia macrostema, hybrid Riccartoni, 1830. 



Jasminum nudiflortim, China, 1844. 



Leycesteria formosa, Himalya, 1824. 



Ligustrum japonicum, Japan, 1845. 



Olearia Haastii, New Zealand, 1858. 



Primus Pissardi, Persia, 1881. 



Primus cerasifera, 1864, Myrobolan Plum, S. Europe. 



Ribes sanguineum, NW. America, 1826. 



Spiraea ariaefolia, NW. America, 1830. 



Spiraea Lindleyana, Himalya, 1845. 



Slaphylea colchica, Caucasus, 1879. 



Symphoricarpus racemosus, N. America, 1818. 



Veronica Traversti, New Zealand, 1873. 



Wistaria simnsis, China, 1816. 



Also as forest-trees, largely grown as garden shrubs and park-specimens, 

 all evergreen : 



Abies nobilis, Oregon, 1831. 



Cedrtis Deodar a, Himalya, 1831. 



Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana, California, 1853. 



Chamaecyparis Nooikalensis, British Columbia, 1850. 



Cupressus macrocarpa, Monterey, 1838. 



Pinus austriaca, Austria, 1835. 



Pinus insignis, Monterey, 1833. 



Pinus excelsa, Himalya, 1827. 



Pseudotsuga Douglasii, California, 1827. 



Sequoia sempervir ens, California, 1846. 



Sequoia gigantea, California, 1853. 



T/uiya (Biota) orientalis, Japan, 1860. 



Thuya gigantea, NW. America, 1853. 



The case of the introduced aliens of garden-cultivation, as herbaceous 

 perennials and annuals, requires separate consideration : that of the alien 

 tree and shrub is more significant as affecting the general appearance of the 

 landscape and roadsides. As contrasted with the present abundance of 

 introduced trees, flowering shrubs, and evergreen Conifers, the poverty of 

 the older flora is pathetically illustrated by the early English practice 

 of planting evergreens around the Churches, to give some appearance of life 

 and greenery during the six long winter months Yew and Ivy being the 

 only available plants, with Holly for Christmas decoration, and the ' Palm ' 

 (Salix caprea a*} at Easter. Yet neither Yew nor Holly is now found 

 growing locally except where planted. 



The same people who did this would show the greatest avidity in 

 obtaining other plants from the Continent and South Europe, to ameliorate 

 the wretched outlook of the clay countryside in cold, wet, and dark winter. 

 Older English literature testifies to the affection felt for the early Primrose, 

 Violets, Cowslip, Pansy, and Cuckoo-Flowers, as well as the ubiquitous 

 Buttercups, Daisies, and Dandelions of the pastures, and the Blackthorn, 

 Hawthorn, Crab Apple, and Elder of the Waste. 



The poverty of the local aboriginal flora may be visualized by abstract- 

 ing from the present landscape all the Common Elms, Huntingdon Elms 

 Lombardy Poplars, Black Italian Poplars, the pollarded Willows, the Limes 



