CALYX. 



55 



Fig. 101. 



We have described and illustrated only the most simple 

 and common kinds of corolla and calyx. In the different 

 genera, these parts are almost infinitely diversified, and it 

 therefore becomes necessary te illustrate these parts more 

 particularly, and also to describe some parts belonging to the 

 flower and fruit which have not yet been mentioned. 

 CALYX. 



The Calyx has received different names, depending on its 

 situation and form, namely 



Periantkium, or Perianth. This term is derived from the 

 Greek peri, about, and anthos, a flower. It is the calyx, or 

 flower cup, properly and commonly so called. It makes a 

 part of the flower, being aiways contiguous to the petals, 

 which it surrounds. The thin green leaves which are rolled 

 back under the spreading petals of the full blown Rose, form 

 the calyx of that flower. 



We have stated that mis part is called 

 monophyllous when it consists of only a 

 single leaf. The Pink, Fig. 101, is an 

 example of a monophyllous perianth. The 

 calyx, a, forms only a single piece, though 

 divided above into several parts. The 

 small leaves, b, which embrace the base 

 of this calyx, are called scales. In the 

 Pink, therefore, the calyx is a perianth. 

 It is also inferior, being placed below the 

 germen, or the germen being included 

 within the cup. 



Involucre, Fig. 102, Imoiucrum. 

 This calyx is remote from the flower, 

 which, therefore, it never embraces, 

 or surrounds like the perianth. It 

 most commonly consists of a number 

 of small leaves which surround the 

 stem of umbilliferous plants, as Dill, 

 Parsnip, and Fennel. The Involucre 

 is said to be universal when it sur- 

 rounds the stem of several partial um- 

 bels, as at a, and partial when it surrounds the peduncles of 

 the flowers, or florets, as at I The involucre of compound 

 flowers will be described hereafter. 



When is the calyx called a penanthium ? Give an example of a me 

 nophyllous perianth. What is meant by a partial, and what by a univer 

 eal involucre 1 :i ^ r> . 



