. 



88 RECAPITULATION. 



We shall therefore, here give a synopsis, or comprehen- 

 sive view of what is contained in the foregoing pages, and 

 which the pupil will find it to his advantage to understand 

 and be able to enunciate clearly, before he proceeds with 

 what follows. 



RECAPITULATION. 



ROOT. 



The root is the descending part of the vegetable, or that 

 part which enters the earth in search of nourishment. 

 In respect to duration roots are as follows : 



1. Annual, as the Potato. 



2. Biennial, as the Beet, Parsnip and Carrot. 



3. Perennial, as the Oak, Chestnut and Birch 

 In respect to form, roots are 



1. Fusiform, or spindle-shaped. Ex. Carrot. 



2. Premorse, or bitten off. Ex. Wild Turnip. 



3. Ramose, or branched. Ex. Most Trees. 



4. Fibrous. Ex. The Grasses. 



5. Knotted, or tuberous. Ex. Potato. 



6. Granulated. Ex. Wood Sorrel. 



7. Palmated, or hand-shaped. Ex. Dahlia. 



8. Bulbous. Ex. Crocus, Onion, Garlic. 



9. Repent, or creeping. Ex. Mint, Grasses. 

 10. Root not fixed. Ex. Duck-meat. 



Some plants live without roots, but absorb their nourish- 

 ment from the air. Ex. House-Leek. 



THE STEM, OR TRUNK. 



This is the ascending part of the plant. Its use is to ele- 

 vate the flowers and fruit above the ground. 



The word trunk includes all kinds of stems. Stems are 

 of the following kinds. 



1 . Caulis, the main stem, or body of a tree. It is also 



What part of a vegetable is the root ? How do roots differ in respect 

 to duration ? What are the names of the differently formed roots, and 

 what are examples of each ? 



