244 NATURAL 



Prop. Slightly bitter and cooling. P. Lanceolate wul 

 M* ary. 



00. PLUMBAGINE*:. The Leadwort tribe. Ex. Statice. 

 Armeria, Plumbago. Prop. Opposite. Some tonic and as- 

 tringent ; others acrid and caustic. 



91. VALERIANE/E. The Valerian tribe. Ex. Valerian, 

 Phyllactis. Prop. Antihysteric and aromatic. The roots 

 of the Valerian highly odoriferous and antispasmodic. 



92. COMPOSITE. This is an extensive Natural Order, and is 

 divided into the following Sub-orders and Tribes. 



SUB. ORDER 1 . CichoracecB . 



TRIBE 1. Hieracea. Ex. Hieracium, Prenanthes, Crepis. 



TRIBE 2. Taraxacea. Ex. Leontodon, Apargia, Cynthia. 



TRIBE 3. Lactuceae. Ex. Lactuca, Sonchus. 



TRIBE 4. Chicorea. Ex. Chicorium. 



SUB-ORDER 2. Carduaceae. Ex. Arctium, Carduus, Ele- 

 phantopus, Vernonia, Gnaphalium, Liatris. 



SUB-ORDER 3. Asterea. Ex. Erigeron. Aster, Solidago, 

 Bellis. 



SUB-ORDER 4. Eupatorinete. Ex. Eupatorium, Kuhuia. 



SUB-ORDER 5. Jacobean. Ex. Cacalia, Tussilago, Senecio. 



SUB-ORDER 6. Helianthea. Ex. Helianthus, Rudbeckia, 

 Coreopsis, Bidens, Chrysanthemum, Galardia. 



SUB-ORDER 7. Ambrosiacea. Ex. Parthenum, Ambrosia, 

 Iva, Xanthium. 



Properties. There is a bitterness peculiar to most of the Com- 

 posite ; sometimes mixed with tonic, stomachic, or febrifugal 

 virtues, and sometimes with mucilage, or highly odorific prin- 

 ciples ; others of this order, as Lettuce, contain opium, and 

 others are insipid and inert. 



93. SELLAT^J. The Madder tribe. Ex. Galium, Rubia. 

 Prop. Important as affording coloring matter for dyes. 

 The Indians of the West color a beautiful red with Ga- 

 lium. 



94. CINCHONE^E. The Peruvian Bark tribe. Ex. Dioda, 

 Cephalanthus, Mitchella. Prop. The barks of the true 

 Cinchona are powerful tonics and febrifuges ; qualities de- 

 pending on the alkalies Cinchonia and Quinia, but the proper- 

 ties of their affinities are little known. 



95. CAPRIFOLIACEJE. The Honeysuckle tribe. Ex. 1st, 

 Caprifolium, Lonicera, Linnaea, Diervilla, Triosteum ; 

 2d, Viburnum, Sambucus ; 3d, Cornus ; 4th, Hydrangea. 

 Prop. The Honeysuckles have no properties beyond their 

 beauty and fragrance. Elder is slightly cathartic, the 



