AND ORDERS. 463 



Xanthoxylum, (Prickly Ash,) 

 Acer, (Maple,) 

 Fraxinus, (Ash.) 

 CLASS XXIV. CRYPTOGAMIA. Stamens and pistils 



concealed, imperfectly formed, or wanting. ORDERS 8. 

 ORDER 1. FILICES. Ferns. Fruit mostly placed on the 



back of the frond. 

 Ex. Polypodium, (Polypody,) 



Osmunda, (Flowering- Fern,) 

 Asplenium, (Shield Fern.) 

 ORDER 2. EQUISETACEA. (Horsetail.) 



Ex. Equisetum, (Scouring Rush.) 



ORDERS. LYCOPODINE^E. (Club Mosses.) Reproductive 

 organs axillary, spiked. Theccs in grains, or masses. 



Ex. Lycopodium, (Club Moss.) 



ORDER 4. Musci. (Mosses.) Dry herbs with distinct 

 leaves, producing seed vessels, furnished with lids, and 

 containing sporules. 



' The Mosses belonging to this order are chiefly found in 

 moist places in the woods, and in sheltered situations among 

 the rocks. 



ORDERS. HEPATIC^E, (Liverworts.) Herb, a frond, the 

 capsules not generally opening with a lid, as in the 

 Mosses. 



These plants are chiefly found on rocks, old walls, and 

 the bark of trees. 



ORDER 6. ALGJE. (Flags.) Seeds imbedded in the sub- 

 stance of the frond ; plants chiefly aquatic and sub 

 merged. 



Ex. Fucus nodosus, (Sea Rock Weed.) 

 ORDER 7. LICHENS. (Rock and Tree Mosses.) Leafless, 

 flowerless, perennial plants, with a thallus and exter- 

 nal disk containing sporules. 



They are found on old wood fences, rocks, and the bark 

 of trees. 



Ex. Cetraria, (Iceland Moss,) 



Lecanora, (Cudbear.) 



ORDER 8. FUNGI. (Mushrooms.) Sporules or seeds ar- 

 ranged in tubular cells, placed in some part of the ex- 

 ternal surf ace,of ten in the lamellae, or gills. Frond none. 

 Ex. Agaricus campestris, (Eatable 'Mushroom.) 

 This order comprehends all the Mushrooms, vulgarly 

 palled Toad-stools, of which there are several thousand 

 species and varieties. 

 40* 



