20 



soap, which also deals with Aphides, Caps id bugs and young 

 caterpillars. The following formula has proved satisfactory: 



Nicotine (98-99 per cent.) .. : . ... -?- oz. 



Soft Soap ... ... Jlb.-llb. 



Water ... ... 10 gal. 



The soft soap is first dissolved in. a little hot water, and the 

 solution is added to the remainder of the water. Finally, 

 the nicotine* is poured in, and after stirring the wash is ready 

 for use. Sufficient soap is needed to make the mixture lather 

 well. With soft water ^ Ib. will be, sufficient. An emulsion 

 containing creosote oil has been recommended as an efficient 

 insecticide for the control of sucker. In practice, however, 

 it has at times caused such severe injury to the foliage that 

 its use cannot be advised without further investigation. 



(3) It has been pointed out that the suckers do not lay 

 eggs until the autumn. It may therefore be possible, in the 

 case of early varieties of Apple, to kill the great majority 

 after the apples have been picked, and before eggs have been 

 laid. At this date injury to the leaves is not of great impor- 

 tance and any contact insecticide, as for instance a paraffin 

 or creosote emulsion, will answer the purpose. 



References. 



Theobald. " Insect Pests of Fruit/' p. 153. 

 Petherbridge. Journal of the Board of Agriculture, 1915, 



Vol. XXI, p. 915, " Spraying for Apple Sucker and 



Plum Aphis." 



Awati. Annals of Applied "Biology, 1915, Vol. I., p. 247. 

 Petherbridge. Annals of Applied Biology, 1916, Vol. II, 



p. 230, " Spraying for Apple Sucker. " 

 Lees. Annah of Applied Biology. 1916, Vol. II, p. 251, 



" Some Observations on the fcgg of Psylla Mali." 



APPLE CAPSIDS. 



(Plesiocoris rugicollis^ Fall.) 



Capsid bugs have only recently attracted much attention 

 among fruit growers, but they must now be reckoned among 

 the most dangerous insect pests of the apple, while their 

 attacks on currants, though less serious, must also be regarded 

 with some alarm, f 



The most harmful species (possibly the only harmful 

 species), "is the Green Apple Capsid, Plesiocoris rugicollis, an 



* Nicotine, especially when undiluted is very poisonous, and must, 

 therefore, be used with care. 



f Articles giving further information as to Capsid Bugs appeared in 

 the Ministry's .loaMal. Vol. XXII, No. 10, Vol. .XXIV, NOB. 1 and 12, 

 and Vol. XX V, No. 1. 



