37 



3, Egg Collection, As the. egg-bands are not difficult to see 

 in winter they can be collected and destroyed. This has been 

 done systematically in times of epidemics but it is not a 

 measure which can be given much attention in normal years, 

 though workers should be instructed to look out for and destroy 

 every egg-band they detect when pruning trees. In small 

 gardens and on small trees it is quite possible to deal with the 

 Lackey wholly by this means. 



WINTER MOTHS, 



FIG. 1. Winter Moth (Cheimatobia brumata). FIG. 2. Mottled Umber 

 Moth and Caterpillar (Hybernia defoliaria) . Male Moth, winged; 

 Female Moth, wingless. All natural size. 



The caterpillars of three species of moth do great damage to 

 fruit trees in the spring and -are among the most serious pests 

 with which the fruit grower has to contend. These moths 

 are the Winter Moth (Cheitnatobia brumaia, L.), the Mottled 

 Umber (Hybernia defoliaria, 01.) and the March Moth (Anisop- 

 teryx cescularia, Schiff). All three are sometimes known col- 

 lectively as Winter Moths. 



Plants attacked and Nature of Damage. Practically 



every form of ''standard a>nd 'bush fruit is .attacked by these 

 pests as well as most forest trees and bushes'; indeed it would 

 be easier- to mention the kind? of plant not" attacked, (e.<j., 

 Conifers) than to list every tree or b,ush upon which one or 

 other of the caterpillars ca-cfclive. . -The nature of the injury 

 is also rather extensive-. Tin caterpillars appear early in spring 

 and feed during the entire period in which fruit trees are 

 making thrir' foliage,' : produ(liirig blossom or setting fruit, and 

 all may be injufM or in a seTJe'jre attack be practically destroyed. 

 The characteristic method ojj .feeding of the Winter Moth and 

 the March Moth is to spin together very loosely two leaves 

 or a leaf to the side of a bl^om truss and then to eat holes 

 in the leaf, attacking more |txr less indiscriminately the edges 



