The sections in a leaflet follow on naturally. The first 

 thing which attracts attention to a pest is the damage. 

 Under " Plants Attacked and Nature of Damage " is given 

 .a list of the crops likely to be attacked and the characteristic 

 signs of injury. Under the next section, " Description and 

 Life-History/' are described, the appearance of the pest in its 

 various forms, and its life-history or habits, showing where 

 it lives at each season of the year and which are its vulner- 

 able stages. With this information it is then possible to 

 follow the suggestions given under " Measures of Control," 

 carrying out each operation with discretion and not by rule 

 of thumb a most important point, for success is often 

 dependent on adapting a measure to meet special local 

 conditions. 



Notes on Insects in General. As it is impossible to 

 deal separately with many insects in the leaflets themselves, 

 a few general notes may be found useful. 



Description. Insects belong to a group of creatures char- 

 acterised (1) by the possession of a jointed body which is 

 supported not by bones inside but by a hard horny skin, and 

 (2) by the possession on one or more segments of the body 

 of jointed " appendages " which may be modified to act as 

 legs, jaws, antennae (feelers), &c. Strictly speaking, the term 

 Insects should be confined to the creatures in the group with 

 only three pairs of legs (in addition to other characteristics), 

 such, for instance, as moths, beetles or bugs, but for 

 practical purposes the name usually includes the groups 

 containing mites (red spiders) and spiders with four pairs 

 of legs, and the millipedes and centipedes with many pairs 

 of legs. From the practical point of view no detailed know- 

 ledge of the various organs of the body is necessary but it 

 is helpful to know a little of the features which characterise 

 an insect as a living creature. 



The body consists of three parts the head, the thorax and 

 the abdomen. 



(a) The head bears the antennae (or " feelers "). which 

 are not only organs of touch but are probably connected 

 with other senses, possibly in some forms with smell. 

 (Little, however, is known about the senses of insects except 

 that by some means they smell and probably hear also.) 

 There are also on the head the eyes which when well 

 developed enable them to see the shape of things, or in 

 other cases may be only sufficient to detect light or dark- 

 ness. The mouth, on the underside of the head, is 

 surrounded by " appendages " which vary in the different 

 groups, in some taking the form of biting jaws and finger- 

 like organs to push food between them, while in others the 

 same organs may be modified so as to form a " trunk 

 enabling the insect to bore holes and suck up juices. From 



