Trees Attacked. The caterpillars <f this moth bore 

 galleries in the stems of many species of broad-leaved trees, 

 e.g., willow, poplar, walnut, birch, elm, beech, lime, 

 sycamore, ash, and various fruit trees. The softer woods are 

 more commonly infested. 



The caterpillars are large and a great number may be found 

 at work in the same tree; the wood, on this account, is so 

 tunnelled and honeycombed as to be rendered useless for 

 technical purposes. 



Indications of Infestation. (a) The little heaps of excre- 

 ment and frass thrown by the feeding caterpillars 

 from their galleries to the outside. 



(h) The odour of the caterpillars, which by some has 

 been compared to that of the goat. The burrows 

 also have the same characteristic smell. 



Isolated trees, or those in an avenue or at the edge of a 

 wood, are chosen by the females for their egg laying in 

 preference to trees in close forest, though the latter are some- 

 times attacked. 



Description. Moth. The goat moth, which flies at night, 

 is large and plump. The female measures 1 inches or more 

 in length, and over 3 inches in spread of wing; the male is 

 somewhat smaller. The head is small and the eyes large; the 

 proboscis and antennae are short. The antenna} of the male are 

 distinctly comb-like, whilst those of the female are saw-like. 

 The fore wings are pale-brown mottled with ashy-grey, and 

 have numerous irregular black streaks and marks ; the hind 

 wings are darker greyish-brown. The thorax is densely hairy, 

 brown and grey in front, and with a blackish band across it 

 behind. The large heavy abdomen is grey with whitish rings. 



Caterpillar. The caterpillar is somewhat flattened, and 

 hence the galleries are oval in shape. When young the 

 caterpillar is dull pink, but as it grows the upper surface 

 becomes dark red or purple, the sides and under-surface being 

 yellowish flesh-coloured. The head is black; the segment 

 behind the head bears a dark shield, and the segments have 

 fine bristle-like hairs. The full grown caterpillar may measure 

 about 4 inches in length. 



Pupa. Pupation takes place in the burrow in the stem, 

 near to the outside, the chrysalis being surrounded by a cocoon 

 covered by wood chips and sawdust. Sometimes the cater- 

 pillar leaves the tree and pupates in the soil, in which case the 

 cocoon consists chiefly of particles of soil. 



