MANUAL FOR STABLE SERGEANTS. 83 



256. Metric measures. 



1 c. c. stands for 1 cubic centimeter and equals 16 minims. 

 4 c. c. equal 1 dram by measure. 

 30 c. c. equal 1 ounce. 

 500 c. c. approximately equal 1 pint. 

 1,000 c. c. approximately equal 1 quart. 



257. Dry measure approximate value. An ordnance spoon 

 holds approximately 1 ounce of 



Salt, 



Zinc sulphate. 

 Lead acetate. 

 Potassium nitrate. 



Potassium permanganate, etc., when heaping full. 

 An ordnance spoon holds approximately 2 drams of 

 Gentian. 

 Fenugreek. 

 Ginger. 

 Nux vomica, etc. 



ACTIONS AND USES OP MEDICINES. 



258. Antiseptics. Agents, used on or in the body in the treat- 

 ment of wounds or diseases, which prevent the growth and develop- 

 ment of germs. Ex.: Carbonic acid, bichloride of mercury, iodine, 

 creolin, etc. 



259. Anesthetics. Agents that produce loss of the sense of 

 touch or pain. Ex. : Chloroform and ether. 



260. Astringents. Agents which contract tissues and check 

 secretions. Ex.: Alum, zinc, tannic acid, etc. 



261. Anodynes. Agents which relieve pain. Ex.: Opium, 

 belladonna, cannabis indica. 



262. Antispasmodics. Agents which prevent or allay spas- 

 modic contraction of voluntary or involuntary muscles. Ex.: 

 Belladonna, cannabis americana. 



263. Alteratives. Agents which reestablish the healthy func- 

 tions of the body. Ex. : Potassium nitrate and potassium iodide. 



264. Carminatives. Agents which aid in the expulsion of gas 

 from the stomach and intestines. Ex. : Ginger, turpentine, aromatic 

 spirits of ammonia. 



265. Caustics. Agents which destroy tissue by burning. Ex.: 

 Copper sulphate, lunar caustic (silver nitrate). 



