38 THE BOOK OF BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



In appearance the chrysalis (Fig. 15) is rather alder- 

 manic : it may be found during late autumn, winter, 

 and early spring, attached to dry reeds and similar plants. 

 The colour is usually bright yellowish dorsally, greenish 

 ventrally, with decidedly green wing-cases and head, and 

 a row of ill-defined green spots along each side. There 

 are several protuberances on the anterior part of the 

 body, which is bluntly two-lobed. A variety often occurs 

 with brownish markings instead of green. 



The perfect insect, which is often 3fin. across the 

 expanded wings, comes out in May, and continues to be 

 seen till August. A reference to Fig. 12 will show the 

 sharp-pointed fore-wings, and the beautifully scalloped 

 hind-wings with the long tail on their hind-margin. It 

 will be noticed that the abdomen does not lie in a fold 

 of the hind-wings, as with so many butterflies, but the 

 wings are hollowed out to make room for it. The ground- 

 colour of all the wings is dull yellow. On the upper 

 surface there is a band of black crossing both wings 

 near the hind-margin, the middle of the band being 

 sprinkled with yellow dust on the fore-wings and blue 

 on the hind ones. Outside this band is a row of yellow 

 spots, succeeded by a black border, which last is followed 

 by a yellowish margin. The base of the wings is black, 

 with yellow dust, and the nervures are bordered with 

 black, while there is a good deal of black along the 

 costal margin. Each hind-wing bears a large red eye- 

 spot at the anal angle. The colouring of the under- 

 surface (Fig. 13) closely resembles that of the upper; 

 but there is much less black, and what there is, is much 

 more thickly powdered. There are three additional red 

 spots on the hind-wings. The sexes are similar. 



In Scotland and Ireland the Swallow-tail has, perhaps, 

 never been found ; but many of the counties of England 



