76 THE YOUNG COLLECTORS 



The Papilionidez include all our white and yellow butterflies. 

 This family is divided into two sub-families called Pierincs and 

 Papilioniiuz. The last is only represented in Britain by the 

 Swallow-Tail Butterfly (Papilio Machaori), a great black and 

 yellow butterfly, with a large red spot near the inner angle of the 

 hind wings, which are also furnished with a long tail in the 

 middle. This butterfly is confined to the fens of the Eastern 

 counties. 



On the other hand, the Pierince include several of our com- 

 monest butterflies. Three white butterflies the Large White 

 (Pieris Brassica), the Small White (P. Rapes], and the Green- 

 veined White (A Napi) are common in every garden through- 



Clouded Vellow (Colias Edusa). 



out the summer, and their caterpillars feed on cabbages, etc. 

 Another species, often seen in spring, is the Orange-Tip (u- 

 chloe Cardamims], which is white, with the hind wings mottled 

 with bright green beneath, and a brighi orange spot towards the 

 tip of the fore wings in the male. The Brimstone Butterfly 

 (Gonepteryx Rhamni], which is of the colour expressed by its 

 name, is common in woods, and is one of the earliest ouiterflies 

 in the year to appear. It has an angular projection on each of 

 its wings. It expand? about two inches and a half. The 

 Clouded Yellow Butterflies ( Colui Hditsa and HycUe) have orange 

 or yellow wings with dark borders, and no projection on trie hind 

 margins. They are smaller than the Brimstone and art much 

 commoner in some years than others, though, on the \vliole, they 

 are far more abundant now than they were forty or fifty years 

 ago. 



i'he Hespe-'itda are small butterflies with large eads, thick 



