H 



t 



32 ESSAYS ON WHEAT 



third Chapter is devoted, might never have come into 

 existence. 



The Kiel insurrection which took place in 1869, was 

 occasioned by want of tact on the part of the Government 

 at Ottawa in its dealings with the Red River settlers ; and 

 it was only brought to an end in 1870 by a military expe- 

 dition sent out under the leadership of Col. Garnet 

 Wolseley.^^ 



In 1870 the Province of Manitoba was formed and be- 

 came the fifth of the sisterhood of the Provinces of the 

 Dominion. In the same year a census was taken of the 

 village of Winnipeg, with the result that 215 persons were 

 found to be residing within its boundaries. 



XXI. The St. Paul Railway 



Soon after Manitoba had been organized as a province, 

 settlers began to pour into it from the south. Immigrants 

 from Ontario and the Old Country were compelled to come 

 through the United States to Chicago, then northwest to 

 St. Paul, and then northwards across 450 miles of level 

 prairie. For eight years a stream of immigrants made the 

 long journey into Manitoba by wagon, by stage, by coach, 

 and by Red River steamer ; and great was the relief to the 

 traffic when at last, in 1878, the first railway entered the 

 province from the south. This new means of communica- 

 tion gave a direct connection between St. Paul in Minne- 

 sota and the little town of St. Boniface on the right bank 

 of the Red River. On arriving at railhead, the settler, in 



63 Cf. George Bryce, Sketch of the History of the City of Winni- 

 peg and of the Four Provinces of Western Canada, in A Handbook 

 to Winnipeg and the Province of Manitoba, British Association for 

 the Advancement of Science, Winnipeg Meeting, 1909, Winnipeg, pp. 

 13-15. 



