100 STATUTORY CIVIL LIABILITY FOR TIMBER TRESPASS 



of action under one of these punitive statutes. The act 

 must be wilful, l or so negligent and careless as to be in- 

 excusable. 2 Evil intent is unnecessary, but the act is wilful 

 even though the trespasser did not know that the land upon 

 which he trespassed belonged to the plaintiff. 3 Knowl- 

 edge that the land was not his own is sufficient 

 evidence of an improper purpose and intention to violate 

 the provisions of the statute, 4 and even this knowledge is 

 unnecessary under the Pennsylvania statute. 5 In any 

 state a belief that is clearly not well founded would consti- 

 tute no defense, 6 but in some jurisdictions if the belief 

 as to right to cut is reasonably well-founded and is enter- 

 tained in good faith it will constitute a defense against the 

 recovery of multiple damages or a penalty even where the 

 plaintiff forbade the doing of the act. 7 



88. Conditions Necessary for Maintenance of Sta- 

 tutory Action. These statutes are generally regarded 

 as not giving a distinct new cause of action but as merely 

 augmenting the measure of damages allowable under the 



1. Ala. Long v. Cummings, 165 Ala. 342, 51 So. 743; Glenn v. Adams, 129 Ala. 189. 



29 So. 836; White v. Harris, 124 Ala. 461, 27 So. 259; Postal Tel. Cable 



Cc. v. Lenoir, 107 Ala. 640, 18 So. 266; Russell v. Irby, 13 Ala. 131. 

 Cal. Stewart v. Sefton, 108 Cal. 197, 41 Pac. 293. 

 III. Watklns v. Gale, 13 111. 52; Whitecraft v. Vande.ver, 12 111. 235; Belt v. 



Reid, 84 111. App. 501 ; David v Correll, 74 111. App. 47. 

 Iowa. Koonz v. Hempy, 142 Iowa 337, 120 N. W. 976. 

 Me. Contra, Black v. Mace, 66 Me. 49. 

 Mich. Michigan etc. Co. v. Deer Lake Co., ,60 Mich. 143, 27 N. W. 10, 1 Am. St. 



Reo. 491. 

 Miss. Cumberland Tel. etc. Co. v. Martin, 93 Miss. 505, 46 So. 247; Therrell v. 



Ellis, 83 Miss. 494, 35 So. 826; McCleary v. Anthony, 54 Miss. 708; 



Mhoon v. Greenfield, 52 Miss. 434; Perkins v. Hackleman, 26 Miss. 41, 



59 Am. Dec. 243. 

 Mont. McDonald v. Montana Wood Co., 14 Mont. 88, 35 Pac. 668, 43 Am. St. 



Rep. 616. 

 N. H. Batchelder v. Kelly, 10 N. H. 436, 34 Am. Dec. 174. 



2. Harrison Naval Stores Ci. v. Johnson, 91 Miss. 747, 45 So. 465; Therrell v. Ellis, 



83 Miss. 494, 35 So. 826; Keirn v. Warfleld, 60 Miss. 799; McCleary v. Anthony, 

 54 Miss. 708; Mhoon v. Greenfield, 52 Miss. 434. 



3. Givens v. Kendrick, 15 Ala. 648; Longyear v. Gregory, 110 Mich. 277, 68 N. W. 



116; Emerson v. Beavaus, 12 Mo. 511; Perkins v. Hackleman, 26 Miss, 41, 59 

 Am. Dec. 243. Louisville & Nashville R. R. Co. v. Hill, 115 Ala. 334, 22 So. 

 163. 



4. Walkins v. Gale, 13 111. 152. 



5. McCloskey v. Powell, 123 Pa. St. 62, 16 Atl. 420, 10 Am. St. Rep. 512; Watson v. 



Rynd, 76 Pa. St. 59; O'Reilly v. Shadle, 33 Pa. St. 489. 



6. Macey v. Carter, 76 Mo. App. 490; Rousey v. Wood, 57 Mo. App. 650. 



7. Long v. Cummings, 165 Ala. 342, 51 So. 743; Belt v. Reid, 84 111. App. 501; Cos 



v. St. Louis etc. R. Co., Ill Mo. App. 394, 85 S. W. 989. 



