306 FAMILIAR TREES AND THEIR LEAVES. 



loped at the tip. Wet river-land, etc. Locally, from 

 western New York to southeastern Missouri and south. 



Beech, Carolina. Fagus grandifolia, var. caroliniana. 

 Bears darker green leaves, ovate to obovate in shape, 

 and rounded or slightly scolloped at the base, the mar- 

 gins often finer toothed. The prickles of the more 

 ruddy fruit are short and awl-shaped. On the plains 

 near the coast from New Jersey south to Florida and 

 Mississippi, also from Ohio to Texas. 



Betula alba, var. papyrifera, p. 93. 



Birch, Dwarf. Betula glandulosa, var. rotundifolia, 

 p. 98. It is the varietal form that is described on this 

 page. The typical species, Betula glandulosa, is com- 

 monly found in the Arctic regions, on the alpine sum- 

 mits of New England, and on the shores of Lake 

 Superior, Minn. Its leaves are much larger than those 

 of the varietal form, ovate and decidedly wedge-shaped 

 at the base, smooth on both sides, and olive-green in 

 tone, the green less strong on the under side. The var. 

 rotundifolia has very tiny leaves usually half an inch 

 long, roundish, or sometimes nearly kidney-shaped, 

 smooth and green on both sides, and the wedge-shape 

 at the base is scarcely distinguishable except in the 

 larger leaves. The species or its variety, and fre- 

 quently both together, may be found on Mt. Wash- 

 ington and the neighboring peaks, also on Mts. Lafay- 

 ette and Moosilauke, and on the " chin " of Mt. 

 Mansfield, Vt. 



Birch, White or Blue. Betula pendula. A northern 

 species, the New England phase of which has lately 

 been identified and described by Mr. W. H. Blanchard, 

 of Vermont, and called by him Blue Birch. Betula 

 cairulea. It is a small tree (larger than the Gray 



