140 THE FARMER'S MANUAL. 



again the third year to root out the grass. If you 

 set a fresh bed every year, either in August, or in 

 autumn, you may always have this fruit in high per- 

 fection. Plant such peach-stones as you wish to pro- 

 pagate, and where you choose to have the trees grow. 

 Transplant all such vines and trees as you wish to 

 remove, and secure them with stakes. 



Ploughing. 



If you have been accustomed to till a rich garden 

 mould under a shallow ploughing, now is the time to 

 begin to correct the error. 



Put in your plough, and turnup your garden to the 

 depth of 8, 10, or 12 inches, and give the dead earth 

 you turn up, a dressing of your best manure, well 

 spread and mixed with the earth by the harrow. In 

 the month of April, turn in with the plough this manure 

 to the same depth you ploughed in autumn, or winter, 

 and no deeper. Your rich mould will again appear 

 upon the surface, ready for tillage*. Repeat this pro- 

 cess again at autumn, and you will, in a few years, have 

 a deep rich mould, equal to the original surface, which 

 will give you nearly double your former crops, espe- 

 cially in dry seasons, and only with the expense of 

 one extra ploughing in autumn. If your soil is light, 

 and you wish to push it into a state for high cultiva- 

 tion, you may dress the surface (after the spring 

 ploughing) with live, or leached ashes, or plaster, and 

 harrow the ground until it is well mixed 5 or you may 

 spread on a coat of rich manure, and cover it lightly 

 with the plough, and then go on to till either with or 

 without your top dressing, as before. This process 

 will soon make poorjand rich. 



