OF CENTRAL CANADA PART II. 81 



the surface into green carbonate of copper ; also massive and earthy. 

 H =4.0 or less ; sp. gr. 5.8 6.1. BB, imparts a green colour to 

 the flame, and becomes reduced to metallic copper. One hundred 

 parts contain : Oxygen 11.20, Copper 88.80. 



In Canada, this mineral occurs in traces merely, in some of the 

 copper ore deposits of the Eastern Townships (Halifax, Acton, &c). 

 Spots and stains of a more or less bright red colour, are frequently 

 the only indications of its presence. Stains of a similar appear- 

 ance, are more commonly produced, however, by the weathering of 

 iron ores. 



28. Black Copper Ore (Melaconite) : Black, with black streak. 

 Mostly in dull earthy masses. BB, colours the flame green, and 

 yields metallic copper. One hundred parts of the pure mineral con- 

 tain : oxygen 20.15, copper 79.85. Occurs in traces only in some of 

 the copper ore deposits of the Eastern Townships. 



B. IRON OXIDES. 



[This group comprises the mineral species which consist simply of 

 oxygen and iron ; and those, of a closely related character, in which 

 part of the iron is replaced by titanium or chromium. These species 

 fall into three natural groups: (1) The Hematite group, consisting 

 of anhydrous sesqui-oxides (or analogous compounds), Hexagonal, or 

 rather He mi-Hexagonal, in crystallization ; (2) the Magnetite group, 

 compounds (apparently) of oxides and sesqui-oxides, Regular in 

 crystallization ; and (3), the Limonite group, consisting of hydrated 

 sesqui-oxides. 



(1) HEMATITE GROUP OF IRON OXIDES. 



29. Hematite (Specular Iron Ore, Red Iron Ore, Red Ochre) : 



This mineral occurs under several more or less distinct conditions, 

 and especially : (1) In Hemi-hexagonal crystals, chiefly groups of 

 modified rhombohedrons, and in lamellar and micaceous masses, with 

 steel-grey colour, often iridescent on the surface, and with strongly 

 marked metallic lustre ( = Specular and Micaceous Iron Ore) ; (2) In 

 botryoidal masses of fibrous structure, and in irregular lamellar 

 masses, with blueish or brownish- red colour, and lustre between 

 metallic and semi-metallic ( = Hematite of old authors, Red Iron Ore), 

 and (3), In brick-red, more or less earthy and granular masses 

 ( = Reddle or Red Ochre). In these varieties, the streak or powder 

 is equally of a red colour. H = 5.5 - 6.5 in the crystals and crystal- 

 7 



