OF CENTRAL CANADA PART V. 347 



The more important economic minerals belonging to these crystalline 

 areas, are enumerated briefly in the following list : Copper Ores 

 These comprise chiefly the Yellow Copper Pyrites, Bornite or Horse 

 flesh ore, and Copper Glance, occasionally mixed with small portions 

 of native copper and native silver. They occur mostly in lenti- 

 cular or irregular masses ("stocks") often of considerable size, 

 or in thickly disseminated grains, in chloritic schists and other rocks 

 of the country. Indications occur in almost the entire series of the 

 Eastern Townships, but copper mining has been carried on at a few 

 spots only : notably at the Harvey Hill mine in Leeds, the Hunting- 

 don and Ives mines in Bolton, the Hepburn, Suffield and Ascot 

 mines in Ascot, and at spots in Acton, Sutton and Brome. Chromic 

 Iron Ore in beds in serpentine, in the townships of Ham, Bolton, 

 and Melbourne; and largely at Mt. Albert in Gaspe. Mag- 

 netic Iron Ore chiefly in beds, in Brome, Sutton, Leeds, and other 

 townships, but often titaniferous. Antimony native, but associated 

 commonly with Antimony Glance and Kermesite, the red oxy-sul- 

 phide (page 80), in Ham township. Nickel as sulphide, but in 

 small quantities only, with chrome garnet in calcite, Township of 

 Orford. Gold native, in quartz veins in Leeds, Garth by, etc., but 

 apparently in little more than specks or traces. Graphite in 

 crystalline limestone, in Waketield. Serpentine and Serpentine- 

 marble in Orford, Melbourne, Ham, B rough ton, etc., and around 

 Mt. Albert in Gaspe*. "Asbestos" (Chrysotile, page 118) in veins 

 or bands varying from about half-an-inch to three or four inches in 

 width : Townships of Thetford, Coleraine, Leeds, Melbourne, Bol- 

 ton. Potstone and Soapstone in beds in Sutton, Potton, Bolton, 



and some other distinct fossils. It was thought by Sir William Logan to admit of a separation into 

 three parts, named by him (in supposed ascending order) the Levis, Lauzun, and Sillery forma- 

 tionsthe Lauzen formation, or sub-formation, being the especially metalliferous portion of the 

 series. It is now pretty well established that these sub-divisions cannot be maintained. The 

 so-called Levi strata are shewn to overlie the Sillery beds, if the two can properly be separated ; 

 and although both may be much altered in places there is certainly no evidence to support the 

 assumption that they have been altered into the gneissoid and micaceous schists, the serpen- 

 tines and other crystalline rocks of the Eastern Townships and central Gaspe ; or that what 

 were thought to be the lower beds of these Quebec strata pass under the crystalline series. 



Sir William Logan's opinion was first objected to by Mr. Macfarlane (now of Ottawa), and 

 was subsequently opposed very strongly by Dr. Sterry Hunt, who had originally endorsed Sir 

 William's interpretation. But the now general acceptance of the essentially ire-Cambrian 

 age of these crystalline rocks, is mainly due to the present Director of the Geological Survey, 

 Dr. A. R. C. Selwyn. Whether these rocks should be regarded as Huronian, or as constitu- 

 ting a somewhat higher, or " Montalban" series, distinguished especially by their predomina- 

 ting magnesian, chromiferous character, is still an open question. 



