Minnesota Plant Diseases. 



the fly on panes of window glass in the autumn. A very com- 

 mon dung-inhabiting mold has also an explosive apparatus. 



FIG. 14. Various explosive apparatuses for distributing spores. 1. Sac fungus spores are 

 blown out of the sac when the lid is also blown out. 2. A black mold the whole top 

 of the spore case with spores is blown off; on right unopened case on left, case is 

 being blown off. 3. Sphere-throwing puff-ball showing a longitudinal section with the 

 spore mass ready to be thrown out. 4. The spore mass is ejected by the inversion of 

 the fruiting-body coats. 5. The fly cholera fungus (an insect mold). To the right a 

 spore has been snapped off with a small surrounding mass of sticky fluid which serves 

 to fasten the spore to another insect. 1, after Engler and Prantl; 2, 3, 4 and 5, after 

 Zopf. 



This fungus forms numerous spores in a case on the end of a 

 fungus thread. The thread just beneath is much swollen and 

 under pressure, until at the ripening of the spores the whole 



